A mineral composed of a single element, or an alloy mineral composed of two or more similar metallic elements. A unit of mineral classification. The non-metallic elements that make up the mineral include carbon, silicon, sulfur, arsenic, selenium, antimony, tellurium, and, strictly speaking, nitrogen, which is contained as a trace element in diamonds. Metallic elements include aluminum, titanium, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, indium, tin, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, mercury, lead, bismuth, etc. The iron-platinum group, gold-silver-copper and amalgams are included in elemental minerals even though they are compounds. When elements occur as minerals in their pure form, the names of these minerals are the same as the names of the elements in English, such as iron or copper, but in Japanese names, the word "natural" is placed before the element name to distinguish them from the element names, such as native iron and native copper. [Akira Kato] [Reference] | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
単一種の元素からなる鉱物、あるいは同類の2種以上の金属元素の合金鉱物。鉱物の系統分類の一単位。構成成分となる非金属元素は、炭素、ケイ素、硫黄(いおう)、砒素(ひそ)、セレン、アンチモン、テルルのほか、厳密にはダイヤモンド中に微量成分として含まれる窒素なども含まれる。 金属元素としては、アルミニウム、チタン、クロム、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、銅、亜鉛、ルテニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、銀、カドミウム、インジウム、スズ、タンタル、タングステン、レニウム、オスミウム、イリジウム、白金、金、水銀、鉛、蒼鉛(そうえん)(ビスマス)などがある。鉄属―白金属間、金―銀―銅間およびアマルガムは、化合物であっても元素鉱物に含められている。 元素が単体で鉱物として産する場合のこれらの鉱物名は、英語では元素名と同一のiron、copperなどであるが、和名では元素名と区別するため、元素名の前に「自然」をつけ、自然鉄、自然銅などというようにしている。 [加藤 昭] [参照項目] | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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