Generally, it refers to a tax reserve established by the Special Taxation Measures Law in 1957 and abolished in 1986. The price fluctuation reserve is a reserve that allows an individual or corporation to deduct an amount (accounting expense or loss) in the calculation of income if the amount is set as a reserve according to the statutory calculation method for assets (stocks and inventory) with significant price fluctuations held at the end of the fiscal year in preparation for future price declines. After its establishment, the scope and amount of assets to which it applies have been gradually narrowed, and currently, this reserve does not exist in the tax system for application to general companies. In corporate accounting, there are reserves for future expenses or losses, but the occurrence of which is due to events in the current or previous period, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. In corporate accounting, the amount of the reserve is treated as an expense or loss, and it is interpreted as having the nature of a liability. In contrast, tax reserves under the Special Taxation Measures Act were understood to be a form of retained earnings against anticipated future losses, and it was appropriate for accounting purposes to set them up through the appropriation of profits; this was also the case with price fluctuation reserves before they were abolished. In addition, the insurance industry, which places importance on stable results in asset management, is required to set up price fluctuation reserves under the Insurance Business Law. Article 115 of the Insurance Business Law stipulates that this reserve should be set aside according to certain standards for stocks and other assets that are likely to incur losses due to price fluctuations. [Tokai Mikio] [Reference item] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
一般的には、1957年(昭和32)に租税特別措置法によって定められ、1986年に廃止された税制上の準備金のこと。価格変動準備金は、個人または法人の事業年度末に保有する価格変動の著しい資産(株式・棚卸資産)について、将来の価格の下落に備えるために法定の計算方法に従った金額を準備金として設定した場合には、限度額以下の金額を所得の計算上損金(会計上の費用もしくは損失)に算入することができるとしたものである。制定後、適用対象とする資産の範囲や金額は徐々に狭められ、現在、税制上では、一般的な企業への適用についてこの準備金は存在しない。企業会計では、将来の費用または損失に関するものではあるが、その発生が当期またはそれ以前の事象に起因しているもので、その金額を合理的に見積もることができるものとしての引当金がある。企業会計上の引当金は、その繰入額は費用または損失として処理されるとともに、負債の性格を有するものと解されている。これに対して、租税特別措置法という税制上の準備金は、将来の予想される損失に対する利益留保性のものとして、会計上は利益処分によって設定することが適切であると理解されており、これは廃止前の価格変動準備金についても同様であった。 なお、資産運用の安定的な成果を重視する保険業界では、保険業法において価格変動準備金の設定が義務づけられている。保険業法第115条では、その所有する株式その他の価格変動により損失が発生する可能性が高いものについては、一定の基準に従ってこの準備金を積み立てるべきことが規定されている。 [東海幹夫] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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