Abuse of the right to prosecute - kosokenranyo

Japanese: 公訴権濫用 - こうそけんらんよう

When a prosecutor abuses his/her power to indict (indicts), he/she indicts improperly. In this case, the strong view is that the indictment is illegal and invalid, and the case should be dismissed (Criminal Procedure Code, Article 338, Paragraph 4). The theory of abuse of the right to prosecute was born out of the practical activities of defense lawyers in so-called labor and public security cases after World War II, and has since become an important issue in criminal procedure law, coupled with the deepening of the theory of the right to prosecute in academia. There are three types of abuse of the right to prosecute: (1) indictment without sufficient evidence, (2) indictment that violates and abuses the discretionary power to defer prosecution (Criminal Procedure Code, Article 248), and (3) indictment when there is a serious illegality at the investigation stage.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

検察官が公訴提起(起訴)の権限を濫用して，不当に公訴を提起すること。この場合には，公訴の提起は違法･無効であり，公訴棄却の判決(刑事訴訟法338条4号)により訴訟を打ち切るべきだとする見解が強い。公訴権濫用論は，第2次世界大戦後のいわゆる労働公安事件における弁護人の実践活動のなかから生まれたもので，その後の学界における公訴権理論の深化とも相まって，刑事訴訟法上の重要課題となっている。　公訴権濫用として論じられるものには，一般に，(1)嫌疑不十分の起訴，(2)起訴猶予裁量権(刑事訴訟法248条)を逸脱･濫用した起訴，(3)捜査段階に著しい違法があった場合の起訴，の三つがある。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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