A general term for a family or genus of the order Electricidae, a class of cartilaginous fishes, or the name of one of its species. Electric rays are characterized by a pair of large electric organs formed by the transformation of muscle cells, which are packed together like a honeycomb behind the eyes and near the base of the pectoral fins. The electromotive force of the electric organs is said to be 50 to 60 volts. Since the discharge is from the ventral side to the back, touching the back receives a fairly strong electric shock, but the tail does not receive such a strong electric shock. The electric organs discharge instantaneously to catch small fish or animals that serve as food, or to avoid attacks from other animals. Electric fish such as electric eels are said to constantly discharge a weak current to detect the surrounding situation like a radar, but this use is unknown for Electricidae. It is said that ancient Roman doctors used the discharge of electric rays to treat gout and headaches. There are four families in the order Narkiidae, which are divided into two groups based on the number of dorsal fins. The Narkiidae (sleeper rays) have one dorsal fin, while the other three families, Hypnidae, Narcinidae, and Torpedinidae, have two dorsal fins. Of these, three families, Narkiidae, Narcinidae, and Torpedinidae, are found in the waters off Japan. Two species of the Narkiidae genus , N. japonica and N. dipterygia , are known to live in the waters off Japan. The Japanese sleeper ray is often caught at depths of 50-155 meters and grows to a length of 37 cm. It reproduces non-placental, viviparous, giving birth to 1-9 young in the spring. It is found from southern Japan to the East and South China Seas. It has little industrial value. It is listed as Vulnerable (VU) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List (as of August 2021). [Kazuhiro Nakatani September 17, 2021] [References] | |©Tomita Hyakushu "> Major types of rays (2) [specimen illustrations] In the electric ray, hundreds of hexagonal electric poles are arranged in a honeycomb pattern under the cuticle, running dorsally and ventrally. Each pole contains around 400 electric plates. Electric nerves enter the corners of each electric plate and control the ventral surface . Main species of electric fish and generators Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
軟骨魚綱シビレエイ目の科や属の総称、またはその1種の名称。シビレエイ目(英名electric rays)は、目の後方、胸びれの基部付近に、筋肉細胞が変化して生じた小さな発電細胞が蜂(はち)の巣状に密集し、1対(つい)の大きな発電器官を形成しているのが特徴で、デンキエイともよばれる。発電器官の起電力は50~60ボルトといわれる。腹側から背中側に向かって放電されるため、背中を触るとかなり強い電気衝撃を受けるが、尾などではそれほど大きな電気刺激は受けない。発電器官から瞬間的に放電し、餌(えさ)となる小魚や小動物をとらえたり、ほかの動物からの攻撃を避けたりする。デンキウナギなどの発電魚は、つねに弱い電流を放電して、周囲の状況をレーダーのように探るといわれるが、シビレエイ目ではこのような利用法は不明である。古代ローマの医者はシビレエイの放電を利用して、痛風や頭痛のときに治療をしたという。 シビレエイ目には4科が認められるが、背びれの数で2グループに分けられる。シビレエイ科Narkidae(英名sleeper rays)は背びれが1基で、ほかの3科Hypnidae、タイワンシビレエイ科Narcinidae、ヤマトシビレエイ科Torpedinidaeには背びれが2基ある。このうち、日本近海にはシビレエイ科、タイワンシビレエイ科、ヤマトシビレエイ科の3科が分布する。また日本近海のシビレエイ科には、シビレエイ属NarkeのシビレエイN. japonicaとハクテンシビレエイN. dipterygiaの2種が知られている。 種としてのシビレエイ(英名Japanese sleeper ray)は、水深50~155メートルでよく漁獲され、全長37センチメートルになる。生殖方法は非胎盤型の胎生で、春に1~9尾の子を産む。南日本から東シナ海、南シナ海に分布する。産業的な利用価値はほとんどない。国際自然保護連合(IUCN)のレッド・リストでは、絶滅危惧(きぐ)種中の「危急」(VU)に指定されている(2021年8月時点)。 [仲谷一宏 2021年9月17日] [参照項目] | |©冨田百秋"> エイのおもな種類(2)〔標本画〕 シビレエイでは、上皮の下に蜂の巣状に配置した数百本の六角形をした電柱が背腹方向に並ぶ。一つの電柱には400枚前後の電板が積み重なる。電気神経は各電板の角の部分から入って、腹面を支配する©大片忠明"> 電気魚のおもな種類と発電器 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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