This refers to the period from the beginning of the 16th century onwards when prices in Europe soared several-fold due to the influx of a large amount of silver from Central and South America. At the end of the 15th century, due to Spain being one of the leading countries in the Age of Discovery, Mexico and major parts of South America became known to Europe by around the 1530s. In particular, abundant silver mines were discovered in Potosi, Peru in 1545 and Zacateca, Mexico in 1548, and the introduction of the mercury amalgamation method in 1571 led to a rapid increase in silver production. This enormous amount of silver was first flowed into Spain, mainly exclusively by Seville merchants, in exchange for European goods for about a century and a half from the beginning of the 16th century, and was minted into silver coins both there and in the home country. The total amount that flowed in is not known exactly, but one theory is that it was as much as 447,820,932.3 pesos, reaching its peak in the last decade of the 16th century, reaching an average of about 7,037,000 pesos per year. As a result, the silver to gold ratio in the country plummeted from about 10 to 15 to 1, and an abnormal rise in prices occurred due to the fall in the value of silver coins. Prices first began to rise in Andalusia, centered around Seville, where the silver was unloaded, and rose from about 34% to 56% in the first 20 years of the 16th century, and then by about 52% in another 20 years. This then spread to New Castile, Old Castile, and Leon, and eventually reached France, England, and Italy. It is said that prices in Madrid rose about 13 times over this century and a half. [Iizuka Ichiro] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
16世紀初め以降、中南米の銀が大量に流入したため、ヨーロッパの物価が数倍に高騰したことをいう。15世紀末、大航海時代を先導した一国、スペインにより、メキシコや南アメリカの主要部分は、1530年代ごろまでにヨーロッパに知られるようになった。とくに1545年ペルーのポトシ、48年メキシコのサカテカなど豊富な銀山が発見され、71年水銀アマルガム法の導入で銀産出量が急増した。これらの莫大(ばくだい)な銀は、16世紀初めから約1世紀半にわたり、ヨーロッパ商品との交換で、主としてセビーリャ商人により独占的にまずスペインへ流入し、現地および本国で銀貨に鋳造された。その流入総額は正確にはわからないが、一説には4億4782万0932.3ペソともいわれ、16世紀最後の10年間にピークに達し、年平均約703万7000ペソに及んだといわれる。そのため本国では金に対する銀の比価が、ほぼ1対10から15に暴落、したがって銀貨の価値下落に伴う異常な物価騰貴が起こった。物価はまず銀の陸揚げされたセビーリャを中心としてアンダルシアで高騰を始め、16世紀初めの20年間に約34%から56%、さらに20年間に約52%騰貴した。ついで新カスティーリャ、旧カスティーリャ、レオンに波及し、やがてフランス、イングランド、イタリアに及んだ。マドリードではこの1世紀半の間に物価は約13倍に騰貴したともいう。 [飯塚一郎] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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