Energy stored as chemical bonds within elements or compounds. Therefore, when chemical changes or atomic rearrangements occur between these compounds (or single elements), the stored chemical energy also changes accordingly; if it decreases, energy (usually heat) is released to the outside (exothermic reaction), and if it increases, energy (usually heat) is absorbed from the outside (endothermic reaction). Most of the energy used artificially is reaction heat generated by the combustion of various fuels. In addition to the input and output of heat, chemical energy can also be converted into electrical energy (for example, in the case of various batteries, including fuel cells) or light energy, and can be taken out to the outside. On Earth, solar energy is absorbed by plants, which convert it into various types of chemical energy and have been useful for human activities since ancient times. [Toda Genjiro and Nakahara Katsunori] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
元素または化合物の中に化学結合として蓄えられているエネルギー。したがって、これら化合物(または元素単体)間に化学変化、原子の組み換えがおこれば、それに伴って、蓄えられている化学エネルギーも変化し、それが減少すれば外部にエネルギー(通常は熱量)を放出し(発熱反応)、増加すれば外部からエネルギー(通常は熱量)を吸収する(吸熱反応)。人工的に利用しているエネルギーの大部分は各種燃料の燃焼によって生ずる反応熱である。化学エネルギーの変化は、熱量の出入り以外に、電気的エネルギー(たとえば燃料電池を含む各種の電池の場合)または光エネルギーとして外部に取り出すことができる場合もある。地球では太陽エネルギーが植物に吸収され、これが各種の化学エネルギーに変換されて古代から人類の活動に役だっている。 [戸田源治郎・中原勝儼] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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