Vernant, JP (English spelling) VernantJP

Japanese: Vernant,J.P.(英語表記)VernantJP
Vernant, JP (English spelling) VernantJP

...Although this idea is not justified from a religious historical perspective, it is useful as a metaphor, and in fact it is possible to regard the protagonist of a play, not just a tragedy, as a "sacrifice," or the object of a sacrificial ritual. For example, some scholars, such as the French mythologist René Girard (1923-), see in sacrifices such as the "expiation goat" an expression and adjustment of the violence that has accumulated in the unconscious layer of society (in this respect he is similar to Aristotle's theory of "catharsis"), while others, such as the French classical mythologist Jean-Pierre Vernant (1914-), link this "impurity" to specific rituals, reading Sophocles' Oedipus Rex as a parallel reading of the ancient Athenian religious custom of banishing the "impurity-bearer (Pharmakos)" and the contemporary political choice of "banishment of the seashell," emphasizing the ambiguity of those chosen for sacrifice, namely, that they are both above average and at the same time more vile and impure than everyone else. If we consider that this "impurity" is in any case an "anti-world" that has been excluded into the non-human realm by the principle of exclusion necessary for the establishment of human society, then one can take the view of Soviet literary scholar MM Bakhtin, who seeks to find the true function of theater in carnival and clowning, which are the revitalization of social life through the invasion of primordial chaos.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Vernant, JP" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…この考えは宗教史的には正当化されないが,一つの比喩としては有効であり,事実,悲劇に限らず演劇の主人公を〈供犠〉すなわち犠牲の儀礼の対象と見なすことは可能だからである。たとえばフランスの神話学者ルネ・ジラールRené Girard(1923‐ )のように,〈贖罪の牡山羊〉をはじめとする供犠に,社会の無意識の層に集積する暴力の発露とその調整を見る論者もいるし(この点ではアリストテレスの〈カタルシス〉論に通じる),あるいはフランスの古典神話学者ベルナンJean‐Pierre Vernant(1914‐ )のように,この〈穢れ〉を具体的な儀礼と結びつけて,たとえばソフォクレスの《オイディプス王》を,アテナイの古い宗教的習慣である〈汚穢を担う者(パルマコス)〉の追放と,同時代の政治的選択である〈貝殻追放〉とを重ねて読んだものとし,犠牲に選ばれる者の両義性すなわち人並み優れていると同時にすべての人より卑しく穢れている者という様相を強調する学者もいる。その〈穢れ〉がいずれにせよ人間の社会を成立させるために必要な排除の原則によって人間以外の領分に排除された〈反‐世界〉であってみれば,ソ連の文芸学者M.M.バフチンのように,始原的混沌の侵入による社会的生の活性化であるカーニバルや道化に,演劇の真の作用を見いだそうとする視点も生まれてくるのである。…

※「Vernant,J.P.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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