market

Japanese: market

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What is a market?
There are three possible definitions of a market. (1) The original meaning of a market is a place where many people gather together to buy and sell goods. There, demand and supply meet, and interactions, including competition between supply and demand, take place over the price of goods and the amount bought and sold. Even today, when market is pronounced as "ichiba," it refers to a specific place. The same is true for city (ichi). (2) However, with the emergence of modern industrial society (also called market society or capitalist society), the market lost its specificity as a place, and came to refer to the entire system of buying and selling that has a strong element of competition. …

From the Regular Market

…When cities were established in the Middle Ages, weekly markets took on the form of being held daily. The names market and Markt were derived from the weekly market. Annual markets were held once or twice a year and were originally larger than weekly markets, for merchants from distant areas. …

*Some explanations of terms that mention "market" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

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【市場とは何か】
　市場の定義としては次の三つが考えられる。(1)多くの人々が一堂に会し，財を売り買いする場所，というのがもともとの意味である。そこでは需要と供給が出合い，財の価格，売買される量をめぐって，需給のあいだの競争を含む相互作用が演じられる。現在でも市場を〈いちば〉と発音する場合は，具体的な場所をさしている。市（いち）もまた同じである。(2)しかし近代産業社会(市場社会とも資本主義社会ともいう)の出現にともない，市場は，場所という具体性をもたなくなり，競争の要素を強くもつ売り買いの制度全体をさすようになった。…