Gion Nankai

A Chinese poet and literati painter from the mid-Edo period. His given name was Yu, and his pen name was Hakugyoku. He was from Kii Province (Wakayama Prefecture). He was born the son of a doctor in the Kishu Domain, and studied under Kinoshita Junan. He was a fellow student of Arai Hakuseki and Muro Kyuso. He showed early talent for poetry, and at the age of 18, he composed 100 poems in two nights. At the age of 22, he was appointed as a Confucian scholar for the domain, but was banished from Wakayama Castle town from the age of 25 to 35 for being a dissolute and reckless person. His style of poetry valued elegant taste and refined words, and rejected vulgarity. He was also a talented painter and became one of the pioneers of literati painting in Japan, and his life, in which he made the most of his individuality in art and hobbies, is regarded as one of the founders of the literati lifestyle alongside Hattori Nankaku and Yanagisawa Kien. His writings include the aforementioned "Nankai Sensei Shiko," which contains the 100 poems in one night, the poetry anthology "Nankai Sensei Shu," and the poetry theory "Poetics Hougen."

[Tatsuo Hino]

"Nakamura Yukihiko's annotated "Japanese Classical Literature Series 94: Collection of Essays on Early Modern Literature" (1966, Iwanami Shoten)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸中期の漢詩人、文人画家。名は瑜。字(あざな)は伯玉。紀伊国（和歌山県）の人。紀州藩医の子に生まれ、木下順庵(じゅんあん)に学んだ。新井白石(はくせき)、室鳩巣(むろきゅうそう)らと同門である。早くから詩才を現し、18歳のとき2回にわたって一夜に100首の詩を詠じた。22歳で藩の儒官に登用されたが、放蕩無頼(ほうとうぶらい)のゆえをもって、25歳から35歳まで和歌山城下を追放されたことがある。詩風は雅趣雅言を重んじて塵俗(じんぞく)の気を排する。絵もよくしてわが国文人画の先駆者の一人となり、芸術、趣味に個性を生かした生涯は、服部南郭(はっとりなんかく)、柳沢淇園(きえん)らと並んで文人的生活態度の確立者と評される。著書に、前述の一夜百詠の詩を収めた『南海先生詩稿』、詩文集『南海先生集』、詩論『詩学逢原(ほうげん)』などがある。

［日野龍夫］

『中村幸彦校注『日本古典文学大系94　近世文学論集』（1966・岩波書店）』

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