The original meaning of charisma was God's grace or a gift from God, but according to Max Weber, it refers to a relationship of domination based on a reverence for extraordinary qualities that go beyond the everyday. Weber considered this to be a major type of domination alongside legitimate domination and traditional domination. Because this form of domination is characterized by its extraordinary nature, it is suited to revolutionary situations that seek to overthrow the established order, but as it becomes permanent, it tends to become closer to other types of domination. This is called the "everydayization of charisma." Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
カリスマの原意は神の恩寵もしくは神からのたまものを意味するが,M.ウェーバーによれば,日常的なものをこえた非凡な資質に対する畏敬の念に基礎をおく支配関係をいう。ウェーバーはこれを合法的支配および伝統的支配と並ぶ主要な支配類型とした。この支配形態は非日常性を特質とするがゆえに,既成秩序を打破しようとする革命的状況に適合するが,それが永続化するに伴い,他の支配類型に近接していく傾向がある。これを「カリスマの日常化」という。
出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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