Public - Kou

Japanese: 公 - こう

[1] (noun) ① not being biased. not being partial . equality. ※Eihei Dogen Zenji's Seiki (13th century) Governor Seiki " _What is called a public official _{is nothing but} _private deeds." (Book of Documents - Zhou no Kan) ② something that is clear. not being concealed. something that is obvious. (Book of Han - Wang Pi's Biography) ③ the imperial court. government. government office. government office. public. also, society, world. ※Imperial Rescript on Education - 30th October 1890 (Meiji 23) "In the event of any emergency, volunteer to serve the public." ④ the first of five ranks of nobility in the old peerage system. also used for the ranks of European nobility. duke. ※Peership Law (1907) Article 2 "There are five ranks of nobility: duke, marquis, count, viscount, baron." ⑤ an honorific title for a prime minister or minister. "Kugyou" (kukyo), "sankoku" (three nobility), etc. ※Suga Family Books (around 900), 2: After the Lectures, Giki Shoshinshi: "The face of all living beings _{is empty} , and _{the prince's} _{_{will to}} die for all is revealed, and his soul is burned." ※Konjaku (maybe around 1120), 9: "I was seen by the prince of the East Sea, and he wanted to make me his chamberlain." ⑥ According to the Wangkouka Kihan ( 1926 ), a person who was treated as a member of the imperial family and succeeded the former Korean nobles. It began when Korea's Yi and Yi were made princes by imperial decree at the time of the Japan-Korea annexation. ⑦ A word used to respectfully refer to a wealthy person or a noble person, such as a father or father-in-law. ※Enkeihon Heike (1309-10), 4: "The group of nobles, local samurai, and court officers received 39 people." [Ka Yi - Lun Jisei Sho] [2] [Pronoun] ① Opposite. Used for people of equal status. In the past, it was used for people of higher rank. Nobleman. ※Gyokujinsho (1563), vol. 16: "Wen Shiyue praised Zhao and said that the Duke was a chessman from a noble family." [Shiji - Bai Sazhuan] 2. A man's self-designation. Used when speaking to a subordinate or to speak arrogantly of oneself. Daikou . [Du Mu - Dai Zen'in] [3] [Suffix] 1. Used after the name of a nobleman to show respect. ※Bunka Shūreishū (818), "Poem dedicated to _Duke Tonisumi, Vol. ₁ (Emperor Saga)" ※Enkeihon Heike (1309-10), vol. 4: "Starting with Lord Moronaga, the Grand Minister of State." 2. Used after the name of a peer or subordinate to show familiarity or slight contempt. Used in modern times. ※Joruri: Butsugozensensha (1722) 2 “Old Master, I bow three times in trembling sympathy, begging for your help.”

Public - Shiohoyake... [Public]

〘Adjective〙 (An adjective derived from the noun "oyake") The state in which one's attitude toward things is official and follows a set pattern. Open. Formal. Proper manners. Oyake, oyakeshi. ※Makura (end of the 10th century) 104 "It is so white and beautiful that it is like a traditional Chinese ornament, and is so beautiful."

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

[1] 〘名〙① かたよらないこと。偏頗(へんぱ)のないこと。平等。※永平道元禅師清規（１３Ｃ中）知事清規「所_レ謂為公者、無_二私曲_一也」〔書経‐周官〕② 明らかなこと。かくさないこと。あからさまなこと。〔漢書‐呉王濞伝〕③ 朝廷。公儀。役所。官府。おおやけ。また、社会、世間。※教育に関する勅語‐明治二三年（1890）一〇月三〇日「一旦緩急あれば義勇公に奉じ」④ 旧華族制度五等爵の第一位。ヨーロッパの貴族の階級についても用いる。公爵。※華族令（明治四〇年）（1907）二条「爵は公侯伯子男の五等とす」⑤ 宰相や大臣の尊称。「公卿」「三公」など。※菅家文草（900頃）二・講書之後、戯寄諸進士「勧道諸生空赧_レ面、従_レ公万死欲_レ銷_レ魂」※今昔（1120頃か）九「我、東海の公に見えて、以て我を記室とせむと為るに」⑥ 王公家軌範（一九二六）による旧韓国の公家を継いだ皇族待遇者。日韓合併の時、勅旨によって韓国の李および李を公としたのに始まる。⑦ 父、舅など、一般に長者や、貴人を敬っていう語。※延慶本平家（1309‐10）四「群公郷士受領廷尉三十九人」〔賈誼‐論時政疏〕[2] 〘代名〙① 対称。同等の者に用いる。古くは目上の者に対して用いた。貴公。※玉塵抄（1563）一六「文始悦で趙をほめて公は名家の駒と云たぞ」〔史記‐鼂錯伝〕② 男子の自称。目下の者に向かって、また自らを尊大にいうときに用いた。乃公(だいこう)。〔杜牧‐題禅院〕[3] 〘接尾〙① 貴人の姓名などに添えて敬意を表わす。※文華秀麗集（818）中「答_二澄公奉献詩_一〈嵯峨天皇〉」※延慶本平家（1309‐10）四「太政大臣師長公を始として」② 同輩、もしくは目下の者の名前に付けて、親しさや、軽い軽蔑の意を表わす。近世以降の用法。※浄瑠璃・仏御前扇車（1722）二「長公、お慈悲お助けと顫(ふろ)ひ戦慄(わなな)き三拝答拝」