margin

…The core of the book is found in Chapter 5, “The General Theory of Demand, Supply, and Value,” and Chapter 6, “The Distribution of National Income.” Based on the proposition that value is determined at the equilibrium point of demand and supply, the equilibrium state is described using the concepts of “margin” and “substitution,” which are applied not only to objects of selective consumption but also to production factors, and useful concepts were invented by Marshall. In addition to the distinction between “long-run” and “short-run” normality, the distinction between external and internal economies (external economies and external diseconomies), and the distinction between primary and supplementary costs, the main concepts used today in partial equilibrium analysis (see the entry on “market equilibrium”), such as quasi-rent, representative firm, and elasticity, were all invented by Marshall. …

*Some terminology explanations that mention "margin" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…その中心部分は，第5編〈需要，供給，価値の一般理論〉と第6編〈国民所得の分配〉にある。価値は需要と供給の均衡点において決定されるという命題を基本的枠組みとして，〈限界margin〉と〈代替substitution〉という概念を用いて均衡状態が記述されるが，それは選択的な消費の対象にだけでなく，生産諸要素にも適用されて，有益な諸概念が創案された。〈長期〉正常と〈短期〉正常の区別，外部経済と内部経済(外部経済･外部不経済)の区別，主要費用と補足費用の区別に加えて，準地代，代表的企業representative firm，弾力性など，今日，部分均衡分析(〈市場均衡〉の項目参照)で用いられる主要な諸概念は，すべてマーシャルの創案になるものである。…

※「margin」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報