Hayashidokai - Hayashidokai

A medical officer and pharmacologist in the late Edo period. Born in Kokura, Buzen Province (now Fukuoka Prefecture). His given name was Tsuyoshi and his pen name was Takekyo. At the age of 20, he went to Edo to study Western medicine under Adachi Choshun. He studied under the Dutch physician Johannes Erdewin Niemann (1796-1850) in Nagasaki for four years along with his senior colleague Sato Taizen. He returned to Edo and became Taizen's son-in-law, taking over the clinic in Yagenbori, Ryogoku. Dokai's translation of "Wort's Treatise on the Medicinal Properties" (1850) classifies and explains medicines according to their physiological effects and medical efficacy, and is a work and translation that stands out from the conventional dictionary-like classifications. It was widely read after its publication in 1856 (Ansei 3). In 1858, Dokai and other Edo Dutch medicine practitioners established a vaccination center in Kanda. In the same year, Shogun Iesada fell seriously ill, and the Chinese medicine physician gave up and a doctor of Western medicine was appointed as the Shogun's physician, which led to the shogunate's ban on Western medicine being lifted. In 1861 (Bunkyu 1), the Vaccination Institute became the Shogunate's Western Medicine Institute, with Dokai and Otsuki Shunsai as its director.

[Nemoto Soyoko]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

幕末の医官、薬学者。豊前(ぶぜん)国（福岡県）小倉(こくら)の出身。名は彊。字(あざな)は健卿。20歳で江戸へ出て足立長雋(あだちちょうしゅん)に蘭方(らんぽう)医薬を学ぶ。先輩佐藤泰然とともに長崎で蘭医ニーマンJohannes Erdewin Niemann（1796―1850）に4年間師事。江戸に戻り、泰然の娘婿となり両国薬研堀(やげんぼり)の医院を継ぐ。洞海訳『ワートルの薬性論』（1850）は、薬品を生理作用・医治効能に分類解説し、従来の辞書的分類の類書とは一頭地を抜く著訳で、1856年（安政3）刊行後広く読まれた。1858年洞海ら江戸蘭方家が神田に種痘所を創設。同年、将軍家定が重態に陥り、漢方侍医が匙(さじ)を投げ、蘭方医が将軍侍医に起用され、これにより幕府の蘭方禁令が解かれた。1861年（文久1）種痘所が幕府の西洋医学所となり、洞海、大槻俊斎(おおつきしゅんさい)が長となった。

［根本曽代子］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例