The capital of the province of Limburg in the south of the Netherlands. An old city of Roman origin built at a crossing point of the Maas River, it was the site of a bishopric from 382 to 721, and then belonged to the Frankish Kingdom. From 1204 it was the Duchy of Brabant, and from 1284 to 1632 it was the joint domain of the Duke of Brabant and the Archbishop of Liège. In the Middle Ages it was a trading center dealing in cloth, leather, metalwork, and building materials, but now it is a key location for canal networks such as Juliana, Liège-Maastricht, and Zuidwillemse, and railway traffic, and industries such as pottery, glass, cement, tobacco, steel, and chemicals have developed. Tourism and fine art printing are also important. It has the St. Servatius Bridge (c. 1280) over the Maas River, the palace (c. 1475), the city hall (1658-64), and the oldest cathedral in the Netherlands, St. Servatius Cathedral (6th century, rebuilt in the 11th to 15th centuries). To the south of the city are sandstone quarries from Roman times, and underground tunnels stretching 322 km. In 1991, the Maastricht Treaty was signed, which established the European Union (EU). Population: 118,152, metropolitan area: 163,818 (1992 estimate). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
オランダ南部,リンブルフ州の州都。マース川の渡河地点に建設されたローマ起源の古い都市で,382年から 721年まで司教区がおかれ,その後フランク王国に属し,1204年からはブラバント公領,84年から 1632年まではブラバント公ならびにリエージュ大司教の共同所領。中世は交易の中心として布,皮革,金物,建築材料などを扱ったが,現在はユリアナ,リエージュ=マーストリヒト,ゾイトウィレムスなどの運河網や鉄道交通の要地を占め,陶器,ガラス,セメント,たばこ,製鋼,化学薬品などの工業が発達。観光と美術印刷も重要。マース川にかかる聖セルファース橋 (1280頃) ,宮廷 (1475頃) ,市庁舎 (1658~64) ,オランダ最古の聖セルファース大聖堂 (6世紀。 11~15世紀に再建) などがある。市の南方にはローマ時代からの砂岩採石場があり,地下には 322kmに及ぶトンネルがある。 1991年欧州連合 EUの出発を決定したマーストリヒト条約が結ばれた。人口 11万 8152,大都市圏 16万 3818 (1992推計) 。
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