Mauclair, C. (English spelling) MauclairC

...The young Symbolist poets who looked up to Mallarmé and Villiers de l'Isle-Adam shared a kind of idealistic and mystical reaction against the materialistic thinking of the fin de siècle and their enthusiasm for Richard Wagner's music dramas, and when it came to literature, especially theater, they were in opposition to Émile Zola, who was about 15 years their senior, and his naturalism. Camille Mauclair (1872-1945), who was a talented writer in many fields including poetry, novels, and criticism, listed three new trends in contemporary theater in her 1892 Memoirs on Symbolic Dramatique: "dramas depicting the psychology of modern life" as typified by H. Beck, "metaphysical dialogues" as typified by Maeterlinck, which talk about "the misery of the soul in the face of the unknown," and "symbolic dramatism" as typified by Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Wagner, Mallarmé, and others, which is "born from an ideal vision of the universe and the method of symbolic transformation," embodies "philosophical and intellectual essential existence" through "superhuman characters," which "symbolize emotions and ideas," and at the same time play the role of recreating "myths" that contain the brilliance of "pure ideas." Of these, the second and third form the concrete substance of symbolist theater.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Mauclair, C." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…マラルメとビリエ･ド･リラダンを師と仰ぐ象徴派の若い詩人たちには，〈世紀末〉の唯物思想に対する観念論的･神秘主義的反動と，R.ワーグナーの楽劇に対する熱狂が一種の共通の了解としてあり，文芸とくに演劇に関しては，約15年先輩のÉ.ゾラとその自然主義に対立していた。詩･小説･批評と多方面に才筆をふるったモークレールCamille Mauclair(1872‐1945)は1892年に《象徴的劇作術試論覚書》で，同時代演劇の三つの新風として，H.ベックに代表される〈現代生活の心理を描く劇〉と，メーテルリンクの〈未知なるものを前にした魂の悲惨〉を語る〈形而上的対話〉と，ビリエ･ド･リラダン，ワーグナー，マラルメらに代表される演劇，すなわち〈宇宙の理念的ビジョンと象徴変容法から生まれ〉，〈哲学的･知的本質存在〉を〈超人間的登場人物〉によって体現させ，それらが〈感情や観念を象徴する〉と同時に〈純粋理念〉の輝きをはらむ〈神話〉を再現する役割を担わされているような〈象徴的劇作術〉とを挙げた。このうち，第2と第3のものが，象徴主義演劇の具体的な内実をなす。…

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