Dengue is an infectious disease transmitted by a virus transmitted by bush mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti and Asian tiger mosquitoes, and symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, and rash. Of people bitten by a mosquito carrying the dengue virus, about 20% develop symptoms 3-7 days (15 days at most) after the bite. The majority do not develop severe symptoms, and the dengue virus disappears from the body after about a week and the person recovers. However, it is known that 1-5% of people who develop symptoms such as bleeding and become seriously ill. If appropriate treatment is given, the fatality rate is around 1% of those with severe symptoms. Therefore, the risk of death is calculated to be 1 death for every 10,000 people bitten by a mosquito carrying the dengue virus. Globally, the disease has become prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries in recent years, where the vector mosquito lives. Japan also experienced an outbreak during wartime, when the disease was brought from the southern front, and after the war, cases of people returning from endemic areas were confirmed to have developed the disease. Since the disease is not transmitted from person to person, the infection did not spread, but in 2013, a foreign tourist was suspected to have been infected in Japan, and in the summer of 2014, a Japanese person with no history of overseas travel was found to be infected. The cause is believed to be mosquito bites in several parks in Tokyo, and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government implemented preventive measures such as mosquito extermination. In particular, 80% of Yoyogi Park was closed off after mosquitoes carrying the disease were found over a wide area. As of October 15, 2014, there were 159 cases of infection in Japan. According to statistics from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, the most common place where infection is believed to have occurred was Yoyogi Park with 127 cases, followed by Shinjuku Central Park with 11 cases. Since there is no preventive vaccine, the most effective preventative measures are to avoid mosquito bites by not exposing areas that are easily bitten by mosquitoes, such as the arms and legs, and by using insect repellent spray. There is no cure, so if the disease develops, symptomatic treatment is given according to the symptoms that appear. In addition, Aedes albopictus mosquitoes overwinter as eggs, but there have been no cases of the dengue virus being transmitted to the next generation of mosquitoes through eggs. The National Institute of Infectious Diseases had already confirmed in 2000, prior to the current outbreak, that the mosquitoes that carry the disease were living throughout Miyagi Prefecture and in parts of Akita Prefecture, and in 2010 they were also found in Hachinohe City, Aomori Prefecture. (Writer: Reiko Ishikawa/2014) Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo |
ネッタイシマカやヒトスジシマカなどのやぶ蚊がウイルスを媒介する感染症で、発熱、頭痛、筋肉痛、関節痛、発疹などの症状が現れる。デングウイルスを持っている蚊に刺された人のうち、刺されてから3~7日(長くても15日)を経て約2割が発症。大半は重症化せず、約1週間後には体内からデングウイルスが消失し回復する。ただし、発症者の1~5%は出血症状などが出て重症化することが知られている。適切な治療が行われれば、致死率は重症者の1%程度である。したがって死亡のリスクは、デングウイルスを保菌する蚊に1万人が刺された場合に、死亡者が1人という計算になる。 世界的に見ると、近年は媒介する蚊の生息域である熱帯、亜熱帯の国々で流行している。日本でも戦時中に南方戦線から持ち込まれて流行したことがあり、戦後は流行地域からの帰国者が発症する例が確認されていた。ヒトからヒトへは感染しないため、感染が拡大することはなかったが、2013年に外国人旅行者が日本で感染したと疑われる例が発生したのに続き、14年夏には海外渡航歴のない日本人の患者が発生。東京都内のいくつかの公園で蚊に刺されたことが原因と見られ、東京都は蚊の駆除などの予防策を実施。中でも代々木公園は保菌した蚊が広範囲で見つかったことから8割のエリアを閉鎖した。 14年10月15日現在での国内感染者は159名。厚生労働省の統計によれば、感染したと考えられる場所で最も多いのが代々木公園で127名、次いで新宿中央公園の11名となっている。 予防ワクチンはないため、腕や足など蚊に刺されやすい部位をさらさない、虫よけスプレーを使うなどして蚊に刺されないようにするのが最も効果的な予防策となる。治療薬はなく、発症した場合は発現した症状に応じて対症療法が行われる。なお、ヒトスジシマカは卵で越冬するが、卵を通じて次世代の蚊にデングウイルスが伝播した例はこれまでにない。 国立感染症研究所では今回の流行より以前の00年の時点ですでに、媒介する蚊が宮城県全域、秋田県の一部に生息していることを確認しており、10年には青森県八戸市でも見つかっている。 (石川れい子 ライター/2014年) 出典 (株)朝日新聞出版発行「知恵蔵」知恵蔵について 情報 |
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