A political party in the late Yi Dynasty of Korea. The word "modernization" was imported from the Japanese "bunmei kaika." While the Japanese "bunmei kaika" meant modernization through the adoption of Western civilization, the Korean "modernization" included the meaning of independence from Qing, to which Korea was subordinate at the time, in addition to modernization through the adoption of Western civilization. The modernization faction was clearly formed after the coup d'état by Heungseon Daewongun during the Imo Rebellion (1882) was suppressed by the dispatch of troops from both the Japanese and Qing armies (the Qing army played a decisive role). With the failure of this coup, the conflict over foreign policy between the opening-up faction and the isolationist and expulsion of foreigners faction ended with the victory of the opening-up faction. However, after this, the suzerainty of the Qing Dynasty over Korea strengthened, and the opening-up faction split into the conservative faction (Sadae Party) and the modernization faction (Independence Party). The conservative faction was a force that placed relations with Qing as the axis of Korean diplomacy, and modeled its policy on the Qing's Westernization Movement. The modernization faction was a force that sought independence from Qing, and tried to modernize using Japan's Meiji Restoration as a model. The conservative faction included Kim Yun-sik and Eo Yun-jung, while the modernization faction included Kim Ok-gyun and Park Yeong-hyo. Kim Ok-gyun and others were strongly influenced by Fukuzawa Yukichi. In 1884, the modernization faction attempted a coup d'état to gain independence from Qing, but failed (the Gapsin Coup). Among the works of the modernization faction, Park Yeong-hyo's Petition to the King (1888) and Yu Kil-jun's The Observations of a Journey to the West (1895) are particularly well-known. [Harada Tamaki] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
朝鮮の李(り)朝末期における政治的党派。「開化」という語は日本の「文明開化」から輸入したものである。日本の「文明開化」が欧米文明の受容による近代化を意味したのに対し、朝鮮の「開化」は欧米文明の受容による近代化に加えて、当時の朝鮮が服属していた清(しん)からの独立という意味を含んでいた。開化派が明確に形成されたのは、壬午(じんご)軍乱(1882)における興宣(こうせん)大院君のクーデターが、日・清両軍の出兵によって鎮圧されて以降である(決定的役割を果たしたのは清軍)。このクーデターの失敗によって、対外政策をめぐる開国派と鎖国攘夷(じょうい)派の対立は開国派の勝利に終わった。しかし、これ以後、朝鮮に対する清の宗主権が強まったため、開国派は守旧派(事大党)と開化派(独立党)とに分裂した。守旧派は清との関係を朝鮮の外交の基軸に据える勢力で、清の洋務運動をモデルとした。開化派は清からの独立を目ざす勢力で、日本の明治維新をモデルに近代化を進めようとした。守旧派の人物としては金允植(きんいんしょく)、魚允中(ぎょいんちゅう)らが、開化派には金玉均(きんぎょくきん)、朴泳孝(ぼくえいこう)らがあげられる。金玉均らは福沢諭吉の影響を強く受けていた。開化派は1884年に清からの独立を目ざしてクーデターを試みたが失敗に終わった(甲申(こうしん)政変)。開化派の著作としては、朴泳孝『国王への上疏(じょうそ)』(1888)、兪吉濬(ゆきつしゅん)『西遊見聞』(1895)などがとくに有名である。 [原田 環] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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