An ancient Roman god. Originally a god of beginnings, he was the guardian of gates because gates symbolize the beginning of all actions, and was depicted as having two heads facing forward and backward. His name was called first in religious ceremonies such as sacrifices, and the first month of the Roman calendar was called Januarius after him. In mythology, Janus was a king who ruled Latium in ancient times, built a city on the Janiculum Hill in Rome, and welcomed the god Saturn (the same as the Greek Kronos) who was banished by Jupiter. This Saturn built the city of Saturnia on the Capitoline Hill. Janus' reign was a golden age, and he taught the people of Latium various skills and helped them change their barbaric lifestyle. When the Sabines, whose women had been stolen by Romulus, tried to attack Rome, Janus spurted out a hot spring of water and defeated the enemy. From this time on, it is said that the doors of the Temple of Janus were opened during times of war. [Masahiro Ogawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ローマの古い神。元来物事の始めをつかさどる神で、門がすべての行動の始まりを象徴することから、門の守護神となり、前後を向いた二つの頭をもつ姿で表された。犠牲などの宗教儀式では彼の名が最初によばれ、またローマ暦の1月は彼の名にちなんでヤヌアリウスJanuāriusとよばれた。神話においては、ヤヌスは古い時代にラティウムを支配した王で、ローマのヤニクルムの丘に都市を築き、ユピテルに追放されたサトゥルヌス神(ギリシアのクロノスと同じ)を迎えた。このサトゥルヌスは、カピトリウムの丘に都市サトゥルニアを建設したという。ヤヌスの治世は黄金時代で、彼はラティウムの住民にさまざまな技術を教え、野蛮な生活を改めさせた。ロムルスに女たちを奪われたサビニ人がローマを襲撃しようとしたとき、ヤヌスは熱湯の泉を噴出させて敵を敗走させた。このとき以来、戦争中はヤヌスの神殿の扉が開かれるようになったと伝えられる。 [小川正広] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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