Reformation Banquets (English: Banquets réformistes) (French)

A rally calling for the reform of the electoral law, which began in 1847 at the end of the July Monarchy in France. At first, the left-of-centre and left-of-the-dynastic senators, who had lost hope of reform through parliament, held the rally in Paris in solidarity with the various anti-government factions outside the parliament, following the British model. Attendees were limited to wealthy citizens who were eligible to vote and paid the high membership fee of 10 francs, but due to the poor harvest and economic depression that year, the rally spread rapidly to cities throughout the country, and many republicans and socialists also participated, toasting for universal male suffrage and social revolution. The movement gradually took on the character of a popular movement centered on workers and petty bourgeoisie, while the internal conflict between the radical republicans and the dynastic opposition deepened. The Guizot cabinet banned reform banquets in January of the following year, 1848, but the people of Paris ignored the ban and tried to force a banquet scheduled for February 22 in the Champs-Élysées district, which became the fuse for the February Revolution. By this time, a total of over 70 banquets had been held, with over 17,000 participants. The petty bourgeois radicals known as the "Reformists," such as Ledru Rolland, and the socialists Louis Blanc and Raspail, were powerful promoters of the movement in its later stages.

[Katsura Yoshio]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

フランス、七月王政末期の1847年に始まる、選挙法改正を求める集会。最初、議会による改革の望みを断たれた中央左派と王朝左派の議員が、イギリスの方式に倣い、院外の各反政府派と連帯して目的を達するため、パリで開催した。出席者も10フランの高額会費を払う選挙資格をもつ有産市民に限られていたが、この年の不作と経済恐慌に媒介され、急速に全国の諸都市に波及、共和派、社会主義者も多数参加し、男子普通選挙と社会革命を求めて乾杯を行った。運動はしだいに労働者、小ブルジョアを主体とする民衆運動的性格を強めると同時に、急進共和派と王朝的反対派との内部対立も深まった。ギゾー内閣は翌48年1月に改革宴会を禁止したが、パリの民衆が禁止命令を無視し、2月22日に予定されていた宴会をシャンゼリゼ地区で強行しようとし、これが二月革命の導火線となった。宴会開会数はこのときまでに合計70回余り、参加人員は1万7000人余りに達したといわれる。「レフォルム派」とよばれる小ブルジョア急進派のルドリュ・ロランや、社会主義者のルイ・ブラン、ラスパイユらが運動後半の強力な推進者であった。

［桂　圭男］

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