Affiliated organizations - Gaikaku dan tai

A general term for organizations that are separate from organizations such as the national government (ministry and agency), local governments (prefectures, cities, etc.), and political parties, but play a certain role in cooperation with them, such as complementing their activities and projects. The national government, local governments, and their affiliated organizations have close relationships in terms of finances (investment from government agencies, etc.), personnel, and activities. They come in a variety of forms, including independent administrative institutions (such as the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, an affiliated organization of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology), special corporations (such as the Japan Racing Association, an affiliated organization of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), and special corporations (such as local housing supply corporations). The executives of affiliated organizations are often public servants (active or retired) from related government agencies, which has come under criticism as a problem of so-called "amakudari."

[Kazukazu Hirata]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

国（各省庁等）、地方公共団体（都道府県、市等）、政党などの組織とは別個の組織ではあるが、その活動や事業を補完するなど、連携して一定の役割を果たす組織の総称。国や地方公共団体とその外郭団体は、財政（官庁からの出資等）・人事・活動面等で緊密な関係を有する。その存在形態は、独立行政法人（文部科学省の外郭団体としての日本学術振興会等）、特殊法人（農林水産省のそれとしての日本中央競馬会等）、特別法人（地方住宅供給公社等）など多様である。外郭団体の幹部には、関連官庁の公務員（現役・退職後）が就任することが多く、いわゆる「天下り」の問題として批判の対象となる。

［平田和一］

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