ousia

Japanese: ousia
ousia

…In contrast, Plato found a principle of the creation of the universe that was quite unusual for Greek thought. This principle, particularly evident in the Timaeus, is expressed in the form of God (Greek: demiourgos), the creator of the universe, giving birth to the child, the universe, from ousia as father and chōra as mother. Ousia is the idea of ​​"real existence," and chōra is "space," which corresponds to matter or material. …

From [Western Philosophy]


[Entities and Attributes]
One of the basic concepts in Western philosophy is the pairing of substance and attribute, which also originates from Aristotelian philosophy. However, Aristotle's term ousia, which is usually translated as "substance," comes from the feminine participle form ousa of the verb einai, which means "to be" or "to exist," and is a word that broadly means "existence," as is known from its everyday meaning of "real estate or assets that are actually in front of one's eyes" (Metaphysics, Book 7, Chapter 3). This was translated into Latin as substantia (that which stands below, substance) because the first existence (ousia) of a thing was thought to be in its existence as "hypokeimenon, that which lies beneath, substratum" (Metaphysics, ibid.). Therefore, the relationship between substance and attribute is considered by Aristotle as the relationship between hypokeimenon and symbebēkos (that which is present together = incidental attribute).

From [Philosophy]

...It means the true state of things, the way things should be. Beyond the sensory world made up of a variety of beings that arise, disappear, and change, an idea, which is the unchanging and eternal "real being (ousia = substance)," is sought, and the ultimate goal of Plato's "philosophy" was to make our souls good and beautiful by looking up to this idea of ​​goodness and beauty, and to make this world good, beautiful, and harmonious. What Aristotle also sought was the exploration of "eidos (form)" as true being.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "ousia" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…これに対し,プラトンにはギリシア思想としてはきわめて異例ともいえる宇宙創成の原理が見いだせる。とくに《ティマイオス》に顕著なこの原理は,宇宙の制作者としての神(ギリシア語dēmiourgos)が,〈ウーシアousia〉を父として,〈コーラchōra〉を母として,子たる宇宙が生まれるという形で表される。ウーシアはイデアたる〈真実有〉であり,コーラは質料,素材に相当する〈空間〉である。…

【西洋哲学】より


【実体と属性】
 西洋哲学の基本的概念群の一つに〈実体‐属性〉という対概念があるが,これもまたアリストテレス哲学に源を発する。もっとも,通常〈実体〉と訳されているアリストテレスの用語〈ウシアousia〉は,それが〈ある〉〈存在する〉という意味の動詞〈エイナイeinai〉の女性分詞形〈ウサousa〉に由来し,日常語としては〈現に眼前にある不動産・資産〉を意味するということからも知られるように,広く〈存在〉を意味する言葉であり(《形而上学》第7巻第3章),これがsubstantia(下に立つもの=実体)というラテン語に訳されたのは,事物の第一の存在(ウシア)が〈ヒュポケイメノンhypokeimenōn(下に横たわるもの=基体)〉としての存在にあると考えられたからである(《形而上学》同上)。したがって,〈実体‐属性〉の関係は,アリストテレスにあっては〈ヒュポケイメノン‐シュンベベコスsymbebēkos(共に居合わせているもの=付帯的属性)〉の関係として考えられている。…

【哲学】より

…それは,ものの真実の在りよう,在るべき姿を意味する。生成し消滅し流転する多様の存在からなる感性的世界を超えて,不変恒常の〈真実有(ウシアousia=実体)〉であるイデアが求められ,このイデアとしての善や美を仰ぎ見ながらわれわれの魂を善美にととのえ,またこの世を善く美しく調和あるものとすることが,プラトンにおける〈愛知(哲学)〉の究極の目標であった。アリストテレスが求めたものもまた,真実有としての〈エイドス(形相)〉の探究であった。…

※「ousia」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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