...A concept introduced by the American cultural anthropologist E.R. Services as a form of government intermediate between tribal society (an equal society without a political center and no differentiation of wealth or status) and state society (a society in which power is concentrated in the center and differentiation of wealth and status is established). It is created when a hierarchical relationship arises between blood-related groups that had equal status in tribal society, and one or a small number of such groups monopolizes and inherits the position of chief. Such a chief has public powers such as controlling production and distribution, planning public work, and organizing groups for that purpose, as well as the power to execute them. ... *Some of the terminology that mentions "chief" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…部族社会(政治的中心をもたず,富や地位の分化もみられない平等社会)と国家社会(権力が中央に集まり,富や地位の分化が確立している社会)との中間に位置する統治形態として,アメリカの文化人類学者E.R.サービスによって導入された概念。部族社会の中で平等な地位にあった血縁集団の間に地位の上下関係が生じ,その一つまたは少数の集団が首長chiefの地位を独占・継承するに至って生まれる。そのような首長は生産と分配を統制し,公共的な仕事を計画し,そのための集団を組織するなどの公権力をもち,その執行の権力ももっている。… ※「chief」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
A method of treatment in which the body and limbs ...
…It is part of the Khumbu Himal mountain range, l...
According to him, before the emergence of rationa...
...The word derives from the Latin occultum (mean...
A free association of sovereign states (→ Union of...
A field of study that studies the macroscopic pro...
Even if the sound comes from the same source, suc...
...However, this was probably only possible in th...
...This allows birds such as barn owls to catch p...
…In addition, various engraving techniques are co...
Many people take the Yamada family name from place...
…In his inaugural lecture, he advocated the estab...
In manors during the Kamakura and Muromachi period...
...After the 1973 American film American Graffiti...
...They considered the ideal human being to be so...