Orchomenos - Orchomenos (English spelling)

Japanese: オルコメノス - おるこめのす(英語表記)Orchomenos
Orchomenos - Orchomenos (English spelling)

An ancient city in central Greece, northern Boeotia. There are several places of the same name in ancient Greece, but the town in Boeotia is the most famous. Important ruins have been discovered here throughout the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, and the remains of a royal palace from the Late Bronze Age (Mycenaean period), especially the great vaulted tomb (tholos), are famous and are on a par with those in Mycenae. Unlike Thebes, which was also in Boeotia, it has few myths, but is famous as a place of worship of nymphs. Homer sings of it as the town of the Miniaeans. In historical times, it was the first in Boeotia to have coins (around 550 BC) and was politically active, but it gradually declined due to the flooding of Lake Copais, famous for its eel production, and the rise of Thebes, and was destroyed in 364 BC by the Boeotian League, led by Thebes. Today, there is a town of the same name nearby, but it is nothing more than a small village.

[Hidenobu Mashita]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ギリシア中部、ボイオティア北部にあった古代都市。古代ギリシアには同名の地がいくつかあるが、ボイオティアにあった町がもっとも有名である。ここでは、新石器時代、青銅器時代を通じて重要な遺跡が発見されており、後期青銅器時代(ミケーネ時代)の王宮跡、とくに大穹窿墓(きゅうりゅうぼ)(トロス)は有名で、ミケーネのそれと並ぶものである。同じボイオティアにあったテーベとは違って神話に乏しいが、ニンフの崇拝地として著名である。ホメロスによればミニアイ人の町と歌われている。歴史時代、ボイオティアで最初に貨幣をもち(前550ころ)政治的にも活躍したが、ウナギの産地として有名であったコパイス湖の氾濫(はんらん)やテーベの隆盛のため漸次衰退し、紀元前364年テーベを盟主とするボイオティア同盟により滅ぼされた。今日では、近くに同名の町があるが一寒村にすぎない。

[真下英信]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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