Kingdom of Monomotapa - Mwene Matapa

Japanese: モノモタパ王国 - モノモタパおうこく（英語表記）Mwene Matapa

A tribal confederation of the Shona and Lozwi peoples that flourished in the area around present-day Zimbabwe in southeastern Africa from the 14th to the 17th centuries. It is also called the Kingdom of Mwenematapa, and is spelled Mwene Mutapa or Monomotapa. It ruled an area stretching from the Zambezi River in the north to the Limpopo River in the south, eastern Botswana in the west, and the Indian Ocean in the east. Many stone building ruins remain in various places, and the Zimbabwe ruins are famous. According to oral tradition, the founder of the kingdom was a legendary figure called Mbire in the 14th century, and the founder was Nyato Simpa, who had the title Monomotapa, around the 15th century. In the mid-15th century, the Shona temporarily abandoned Zimbabwe, then returned, but were soon expelled by the Lozwi. The Lozwi introduced new techniques and built stone buildings one after another. The kingdom's prosperity was based on gold, and the Lozwi imported cotton cloth, glass beads, celadon, blue and white porcelain, metal products, and glass products in exchange for gold. In 1834, the Nguni invaded, forcing the Lozwi to cross the Zambezi River and move north.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

アフリカ南東部，現在のジンバブエ周辺地域で 14世紀から 17世紀にかけて繁栄した，ショナ族，ロズウィ族を中心とする部族的連合王国。ムウェネマタパ王国ともいい，Mwene Mutapa，Monomotapaとも綴る。北はザンベジ川，南はリンポポ川，西はボツワナ東部，東はインド洋に及ぶ地域を支配した。各地に多くの石造建築の遺跡が残されており，ジンバブエ遺跡が有名。口頭伝承によれば，王国の始祖は 14世紀のムビレと呼ばれる伝説上の人物で，創始者はモノモタパという称号をもつ 15世紀頃のニャト・シンパとされている。15世紀中頃，ショナ族はジンバブエを一時的に放棄し，再び戻ったが，やがてロズウィ族に追放された。ロズウィ族は，新しい技術を導入し，次々と石造建築を建てた。王国の繁栄は金に支えられており，ロズウィ族は金と交換に，綿布，ガラス玉，青磁，染付磁器，金属製品，ガラス製品を輸入した。1834年ングニ族の侵入により，ロズウィ族はザンベジ川を渡って北方に移動した。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

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