Music Box - Orugol

Japanese: オルゴール - おるごーる
Music Box - Orugol

An automatic musical instrument that plays beautiful music by rotating a cylinder with small needles using a hand crank or a spring, plucking a metal comb-shaped scale plate. In Europe in the 19th century, French puppeteer Jumeau and others created music box dolls equipped with this mechanical device, and some dolls featured birds in birdcages that sang and moved around in time with the music. In the second half of the 20th century, disc-type music boxes, which played music by pressing it into steel instead of cylinders, were invented and reached their heyday.

It was introduced into Japan during the Edo period, and the word "orugol" appears in "Komo Yakumondo" published in 1750 (Kan'en 3). It is said to have come from the Dutch word orgel (meaning organ), and can also be translated as "kin" or "fuusho". Its structure is introduced in "Kiyushoran" (Kiyu Shoran) (written by Kitamura Nobuyo) published in 1830 (Tenpo 1), and in 1852 (Kaei 5) it was so rare that it was put on show in Fukagawa, Edo, under the name of the Dutch-imported charugoro. The National Museum of Nature and Science has a table clock with a music box that was made by clockmaker Kobayashi Denjiro during the Kaei period (1848-1854). It was in the mid-Meiji period that rattles began to be made into toys; they began to be produced before the Russo-Japanese War, imitating imported rattles, and were beloved as the latest fashion in musical toys that played when the handle was turned. An even simpler new type of rattle was invented and began to be sold at the end of the Meiji period. This rattle had several steel wires embedded inside a cardboard tube, and when it was swung by the handle, the pendulum struck the wires and produced a sound. These also appeared under the name music boxes, were welcomed as toys for infants, and are still seen today.

Recently, the devices that have been made include clocks, watch boxes, cigarette cases, etc., and many of them start ringing when the lid of the box is opened. They are also used in bed mobiles for babies.

[Ryosuke Saito]

"The Poem of the Music Box" by Yoshito Namura (1984, Ongaku No Tomosha)

Structure of a music box (cylindrical type)
©Shogakukan ">

Structure of a music box (cylindrical type)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

手回しやぜんまいで小針のついた円筒を回転させ、金属の櫛(くし)形の音階板をはじいて美しい音楽を奏でる自動演奏装置。ヨーロッパでは、19世紀にフランスの人形師ジュモーなどがこの機械装置をセットしたオルゴール人形を作製し、音色にあわせて人形の持つ鳥籠(とりかご)の中の小鳥も歌いながら動き回るものなどが現れた。20世紀後半に、円筒のかわりに鋼鉄に曲をプレスし、演奏するディスク(円盤)型が発明され、最盛期を迎えた。

 日本には江戸時代に渡来、1750年(寛延3)刊の『紅毛訳問答』に「オルゴル」とある。オランダ語のオルゲル(orgelオルガンの意)からきたといわれ、訳して「自鳴琴(きん)」「風簫(ふうしょう)」ともよんだ。1830年(天保1)刊の『嬉遊笑覧(きゆうしょうらん)』(喜多村信節(きたむらのぶよ)著)にその構造が紹介されているが、1852年(嘉永5)には江戸・深川で、オランダ渡りのチャルゴロの名で見せ物になるほど珍しがられた。国立科学博物館には、嘉永(かえい)年間(1848~1854)に時計師小林伝次郎がつくったオルゴール付き置き時計がある。玩具化されるようになったのは明治中期からで、日露戦争前に輸入品をまねて製作され始め、ハンドルを回転させながら鳴らす最新流行の音楽玩具として愛好された。また、これをさらに簡略化した新型のがらがらが考案され、明治末期から出回った。これは、筒状のボール紙の中に鋼鉄製の針金数本を植え付け、柄(え)を持って振ると、振り子が針金に当たって音を響かせるもので、これもオルゴールの名で登場し、乳幼児向きの玩具として迎えられ、現在もみられる。

 最近つくられているものは、置き時計、手箱、シガレット・ケースなどにしかけたものなどで、箱の蓋(ふた)をあけると鳴り出すものが多い。また乳児向きのベッドメリーにも応用されている。

[斎藤良輔]

『名村義人著『オルゴールの詩』(1984・音楽之友社)』

オルゴールの構造(円筒型)
©Shogakukan">

オルゴールの構造(円筒型)


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