Pythia

Japanese: Pythia

...In addition to this, Apollo, who was imagined as a handsome and dignified young man, has been told countless myths, including the well-known love story between Apollo and the nymph Daphne, who was transformed into a laurel tree, Coronis, who became the mother of the god of medicine Asclepius, the beautiful boy Hyacinth, who was hit by a discus and died, and his singing contest with the faun Pan. The centers of worship were Delphi and the island of Delos, and at the oracle of Delphi, a priestess called Pythia conveyed the divine will to Apollo on matters ranging from personal matters such as marriage and illness to important matters for the polis, such as the founding of a colony or the decision to go to war. It was through the mouth of the Pythia that the oracle was given in response to a question from a friend of Socrates, saying, "There is no one wiser than him." ...

From the Olympics

…
[Olympic History]

[Ancient Olympics]
The ancient Olympic Games were held in Olympia, Greece, as a festival dedicated to Zeus, the chief god of ancient Greece. In ancient Greece, there were four other major festivals: the Pythia, held at the sanctuary of Apollo in Delphi, the Isthmia, held in Corinth for the sea god Poseidon, and the Nemea, held in 573 BC for Zeus, but the Olympic Games were the largest and had the longest history. The history of games in ancient Greece dates back to the mythological era, and there is no consensus on the origin of the Olympic Games, but the first Olympic Games recorded on record were held in 776 BC, and were held every four years thereafter, for a long period of 1,169 years until the 293rd Olympic Games in 393.

From Python

…He was the guardian of the oracle of the earth goddess Gaia, but was defeated by Apollo. To atone for his sins, Apollo established the Pythian festivals, and gave the name Pythia to the priestess of his newly established oracle. He also buried Python's body under the sacred stone Ompharos (meaning "navel", indicating that the place was the center of the world) in the temple of Apollo at Delphi. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Pythia" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…このほか，その職能が多方面にわたるうえに，りりしく美しい青年と想像されたアポロンをめぐっては，おびただしい数の神話が語り伝えられており，月桂樹に変容したニンフのダフネ，医神アスクレピオスの母となったコロニスKorōnis，円盤にあたって死んだ美少年ヒュアキントスらとの恋物語や，牧神パンとの歌競べなど，よく知られた話が多い。　崇拝の中心地はデルフォイとデロス島で，デルフォイの神託所では，結婚や病気といった個人的な問題から，植民市建設，和戦の決定などのポリスの重大事にいたるまで，ピュティアPythiaと呼ばれる巫女が神意を伝えた。ソクラテスの友人の問いに応じて〈彼以上の賢者はひとりもいない〉との託宣が下されたのも，このピュティアの口を通じてである。…

【オリンピック】より

…
〔オリンピックの歴史〕

【古代オリンピック】
　古代オリンピックは，ギリシアのオリュンピア(オリンピア)で，古代ギリシアの主神ゼウスにささげる祭典競技であった。古代ギリシアでは四大祭典として，このほかデルフォイのアポロン神域で催されたピュティアPythia祭，コリントスの海神ポセイドンを主神とするイストミアIsthmia祭，ゼウスを主神とするネメアNemea祭(前573)があったが，もっとも盛大で歴史も長かったのがオリュンピアの祭典である。古代ギリシアにおける競技の歴史は，神話時代にさかのぼって古く，オリュンピア祭典競技の起源に定説はないが，記録に残る最初のオリュンピア競技は前776年に行われ，その後4年に1度ずつ開かれて，393年の第293回まで1169年の長期にわたって続けられた。…

【ピュトン】より

…大地女神ガイアの神託所の番をしていたが，アポロンに退治された。アポロンはその罪滅ぼしに，葬礼競技ピュティア祭の開催を定め，新たに開いたみずからの神託所の巫女にはピュティアPythiaの名を与えた。彼はまたピュトンの遺骸を，デルフォイのアポロン神殿の聖石オンファロスOmpharos(〈へそ〉の意で，同地が世界の中心たることを示す)の下に葬ったという。…

※「Pythia」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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