Haydn

Japanese: ハイドン
Haydn
An Austrian composer who made a major contribution to the establishment of the classical music style. At the age of seven, he joined the children's choir of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna, but quit at the age of 16 due to changes in his voice, and it is said that he spent about ten years wandering without a stable job. In 1761, he served as assistant conductor to the Hungarian Marquis Esterházy, who lived in Eisenstadt, and was promoted to conductor in 1766 after the death of his predecessor. He wrote many works in this position for the next thirty years. Among his most important works are his symphonies (Nos. 7 to 92) and the six string quartets "Russian Quartets" (1781), which show the establishment of the classical sonata form. In 1790, he returned to Vienna after the orchestra disbanded, but in 1791-1792 and 1794-1795, he gave concerts in London at the invitation of impresario J.P. Salomon (1745-1815), and successfully premiered 12 symphonies, Nos. 93-104, known as the "Salomon Set" (Surprise, Military, Clock, Drumroll, London, etc.). He then completed large-scale works, including six masses (1796-1802), the oratorio "The Creation" (1796-1798), and "The Seasons" (1799-1801). He formed a friendship with Mozart, despite the difference in their ages, and his great achievements were continued by Beethoven. Other than these, there are many concertos, instrumental music, chamber music, operas, cantatas, and songs, including famous pieces for cello and trumpet. His younger brother Michael (1737-1806) was a composer who served at the court of the Archbishop of Salzburg from 1763 onwards, and was in contact with both Mozart and his son. In addition to a large number of church music pieces, he left behind symphonies, concertos, and chamber music. FJ Haydn's works are commonly referred to by their Hoboken numbers (abbreviated as Hob.), given by the Dutch musicologist A. von Hoboken (1887-1983). →Elsler/Symphonies/Sonatas/Baritone→Related topics Vienna | Weber | Symphony of Surprise | String Quartet | San Martini | The Four Seasons (music) | Stabat Mater | Cello | Dittersdorf | Dorati

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
古典派音楽様式の確立に大きく貢献したオーストリアの作曲家。7歳でウィーンのシュテファン聖堂児童合唱団員となったが,声変りのため16歳でやめ,その後約10年は安定した職を得られず放浪生活を送ったといわれる。1761年アイゼンシュタットに住むハンガリーの侯爵エステルハージに副楽長として仕え,1766年前任者の死により楽長に昇格。以後約30年間この地位にあって多くの作品を書いた。中でも交響曲(第7番〜92番)や,古典ソナタ形式の確立を示す6曲の弦楽四重奏曲《ロシア四重奏曲》(1781年)は重要。1790年楽団解散のため再びウィーンに戻ったが,1791年―1792年,1794年―1795年には興行主J.P.ザロモン〔1745-1815〕の招きに応えてロンドンで演奏会を開き,第93番〜104番の12曲の交響曲,いわゆる《ザロモン・セット》(驚愕(きょうがく),軍隊,時計,太鼓連打,ロンドンなど)を初演して成功をおさめた。その後,6曲のミサ曲(1796年−1802年),オラトリオ《天地創造》(1796年−1798年),同《四季》(1799年−1801年)などの大曲を完成。モーツァルトとは年齢差をこえた友情を結び,その偉大な業績はベートーベンによって継承された。ほかにも,有名なチェロやトランペットの作品をはじめとする数多くの協奏曲,器楽曲,室内楽曲,オペラ,カンタータ,歌曲がある。弟のミヒャエルMichael〔1737-1806〕は1763年以降ザルツブルク大司教宮廷に仕えた作曲家で,モーツァルト父子とも交流。数多くの教会音楽のほか交響曲,協奏曲,室内楽曲を残した。なお,F.J.ハイドンの作品は,オランダの音楽学者A.vonホーボーケン〔1887-1983〕によるホーボーケン番号(略してHob.)で一般に呼ばれる。→エルスラー/交響曲/ソナタ/バリトン
→関連項目ウィーン|ウェーバー|驚愕交響曲|弦楽四重奏|サンマルティーニ|四季(音楽)|スタバト・マーテル|チェロ|ディッタースドルフ|ドラティ

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