Streaming potential

This is the potential difference that occurs along the interface when a liquid in contact with a solid surface is made to flow. When an electrolyte solution is placed in a glass capillary and pressure is applied to make the solution flow, a potential difference appears on both ends of the tube. Also, when an unglazed ceramic plate, glass filter plate, or layer of solidified fiber is packed into the center of a glass tube and an electrolyte solution is made to flow through this layer, a potential difference occurs on both sides of the layer. These layers are thought to act in the same way as an assembly of capillaries. This phenomenon is thought to be caused by the movement of charge as the counter ions in the flowing layer move with the flow of the solution relative to the fixed ion layer of the electric double layer that occurs at the interface between the solid surface and the solution. If the pressure is p , the dielectric constant of the medium is ε, the viscosity of the solution is η, and the specific electrical conductivity of the solution is κ, the potential difference E that occurs in this case is

E = pεζ /4πηκ

Here, ζ is the electrokinetic potential, which can be calculated from the values ​​of E and p . [See alternative terms] Electrokinetic phenomenon

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

固体面に接触する液体を流動させるとき，界面にそって生じる電位差をいう．ガラス毛管中に電解質溶液を入れ，これに圧力をかけて溶液を流動させるときに管の両端に電位差が現れる．また，ガラス管の中央部に素焼の陶器板，ガラスフィルター板，あるいは繊維を固めた層を詰め，この層を通して電解質溶液を流すときにも層の両側に電位差を生じる．これらの層は毛管の集合体と同様の作用をするものと考えられる．この現象は，固体面と溶液との界面に生じる電気二重層の固定イオン層に対して流動層の対イオンが溶液の流動とともに動き，電荷が移動することによるものと考えられる．このとき生じる電位差Eは，圧力をp，媒質の誘電率をε，溶液の粘性率をη，溶液の比電気伝導率をκとすると

E ＝ pεζ/4πηκ

で与えられる．ここで，ζは界面動電位で，Eとpの値から求められる．[別用語参照]界面動電現象

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