In a broader sense, it refers to the exclusive contracts that the Spanish Crown made with private citizens regarding the supply of slaves, tobacco, wheat, etc. to Spanish America, tax collection, and the development of mines and pearls. In a narrower sense, it refers to the exclusive contract system that the Spanish Crown introduced to the slave trade in 1595, replacing the previous license system. Since the first asiento was granted to Pedro Gomez in the same year, it was given to Portuguese merchants until 1640, to Italian and Dutch merchants from the second half of the 17th century, to the French Royal Guinea Company in 1701, and to the British South Sea Company under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. This led to the golden age of the slave trade, but the European powers used the asiento as a cover for smuggling, and Spain's monopoly in the Americas gradually collapsed. As a result, there were constant conflicts between the contractors and colonial officials, which escalated into the "Jenkins' Ear" War between Britain and Spain in 1739. In 1750, Britain abandoned the Asiento, and from then on, trade in the Americas, including the slave trade, transitioned to an era of free trade. [Toru Shimizu] "Latin America and Slavery" by R. Mejafe, translated by Toru Shimizu (1979, Iwanami Shoten) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
広義では、奴隷、タバコ、麦などのスペイン領アメリカへの供給、徴税業務、鉱山・真珠の開発などに関し、スペイン王権が民間人との間に結んだ独占的請負契約のこと。狭義では、1595年に従来の許可制にかわってスペイン王権が奴隷貿易に導入した独占的請負制。同年ペドロ・ゴメスに初のアシエントが与えられて以来、1640年まではポルトガル商人に、17世紀後半からはイタリア、オランダの商人に、1701年にはフランス王立ギネア会社へ、1713年にはユトレヒト条約によってイギリス南海会社へ与えられた。これにより奴隷貿易は黄金時代を迎えたが、ヨーロッパ列強は密貿易の隠れ蓑(みの)としてアシエントを利用したため、アメリカ大陸におけるスペインの独占は徐々に崩壊していった。そのため請負人と植民地官吏との紛争が絶えず、1739年にはイギリス・スペイン間の「ジェンキンズの耳」戦争に発展、1750年イギリスはアシエントを放棄し、以後、奴隷貿易を含むアメリカ大陸貿易は自由貿易の時代に移行していった。 [清水 透] 『R・メジャフェ著、清水透訳『ラテンアメリカと奴隷制』(1979・岩波書店)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
>>: Allende meteorite - Allende meteorite
...Key layers are also important as structural re...
A general term for a group of terrestrial fossil m...
…Following German settlement geography, in 1913 T...
Also known as Chisimaio. A port city in southern S...
In the band structure of a crystal, this is the en...
It refers to a state in which men and women are e...
This is the title of a Korean folk song. It is mo...
Year of death: 27 April 775 (30 May 775) Year of b...
...The debate over syndicalism was ultimately res...
Glandular cells found in the testes of vertebrate...
…In terms of operation, there are regular routes ...
This refers to seasonal changes observed in vario...
Year of death: July 26, 1905 (Meiji 38) Year of bi...
…In 16th century Germany, x was used (called the ...
One of the powerful clans of ancient immigrants. ...