Absolute Monarchy - Zettaiōsei

Japanese: 絶対王政 - ぜったいおうせい

Also known as absolute monarchy. A political form that emerged in Europe in the 16th to 18th centuries, during the transition from feudal states to modern states. "Absolutism" is used in roughly the same sense. The king wielded unlimited power, using bureaucrats for centralized governance and a direct standing army as the backbone, to control a weakened aristocracy and an underdeveloped middle class due to the original accumulation of capital. In many cases, the theory of the divine right of kings was invoked to strengthen royal power, and mercantilism was used as an economic theory. It reached its peak during the reigns of Elizabeth I (England), Louis XIV (France), and Frederick II (Prussia), but collapsed during the civil revolution. →Enlightened Absolutism →Related topics High Court | Estates Parliament | Estates State | Junkers

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

絶対王制とも。16―18世紀，封建制国家から近代国家への過渡期にヨーロッパに現れた政治形態。〈絶対主義〉もほぼ同じ意味で使われる。国王は中央集権的統治のための官僚と直属の常備軍を支柱とし，弱体化した貴族階級と資本の本源的蓄積期にあるため未発達な市民階級とを押さえ，無制約の権力を振るった。多くの場合，王権神授説を援用して王権を強化し，重商主義を経済理論とした。エリザベス１世（英国），ルイ14世（フランス），フリードリヒ２世（プロイセン）らの時代に頂点に達したが市民革命で崩壊。→啓蒙絶対主義
→関連項目高等法院｜身分制議会｜身分制国家｜ユンカー

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