Schurtz, H.

Japanese: Schurtz，H.（英語表記）SchurtzH

…That is, it is often connected to the theory that money was born as a means of payment. This theory was systematically advocated by the German ethnologist Heinrich Schurtz. In addition, Schurtz claims that within a community, there is no exchange of goods, only various payment relationships occur, and ornaments are used as a means of making these payments, which he names internal money (Binnengeld). …

From [Age group]

…In addition to blood and territorial ties, the basic factors for social cohesion are sex and age, but in tribal societies, strong age groups are often formed by breaking away from blood and territorial ties. Ethnologist Heinrich Schurtz wrote Age Grading and Male Associations (1902) and took up this issue extensively, noting that the isolation of boys from women and their families and relatives during puberty is emphasized in tribal coming-of-age ceremonies (which often involve circumcision). On the other hand, since the time of menarche is not uniform for girls, coming-of-age ceremonies are not held at a fixed time on a tribal scale like for boys, and because they are bound by narrow blood and territorial ties such as family, relatives, and neighbors due to pregnancy, childbirth, and child-rearing, it is difficult for age groups to form. …

*Some of the terminology references "Schurtz, H." are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…つまり貨幣は支払手段として生まれるという説に接合されることが多い。この説はドイツの民族学者シュルツHeinrich Schurtzによって系統的に主唱された。ついでに付言すれば，シュルツは共同体の内部では財の交換は生ぜず，さまざまの支払関係が起こるだけで，この支払をなす手段として装飾品が使われるとし，これを対内貨幣Binnengeldと名づける。…

【年齢集団】より

…社会結合の契機には血縁や地縁のほかに，基本的なものとして〈性と年齢〉があるが，部族社会ではしばしば，これが血縁や地縁をたち切って強固な年齢集団が形成される。民族学者シュルツHeinrich Schurtzが《年齢階梯制と男子結社》(1902)を著してこのことを大きくとりあげたが，彼は思春期における男子の女性および家族･親族からの隔離が，部族的成年式(割礼を伴うことが多い)で強調されることに注目した。反面，女子では初潮の時期が一様ではないので，成女式は男子のように部族的規模で一定時期に行われず，また妊娠･出産･育児のため家族･親族や近隣などのせまい血縁･地縁に拘束されて，年齢集団ができにくいとした。…

※「Schurtz，H.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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