sept

Japanese: sept
sept

...The difference in social organization between matrilineal clans, which were considered to be characteristic of American Indian society, and patrilineal clans, which were considered to be typical of ancient Greek and Roman society, and the long tradition of evolutionism by L.H. Morgan and J.W. Powell, who defined the former as "clan" and the latter as "gens" in the sense of clearly defining the social evolution from the former to the latter, made it common to distinguish between the two terms, especially in America. However, later in England, the term "sept" was coined by W.H. Rivers, due to the fact that the Scottish clans from which the word "clan" originated were neither monolineal nor exogamous groups. In the United States, R.H. Lowy also proposed to use the term "sib" to refer to matrilineal and patrilineal clans in order to avoid confusion over terms and concepts, and GP Murdoch, following Lowy's suggestion, suggested that while "sib" and "lineage" are groups of unilineal descent, "clan" should be used for groups based on unilineal descent including spouses, and for residential groups with regional restrictions.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "sept" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…アメリカ・インディアン社会に特徴的であるとされた母系氏族と,古代ギリシア・ローマ社会に典型的であるとされた父系氏族の両者の社会組織上の違いと,前者から後者への社会進化を明確に規定する意味で,前者を〈クラン〉とし,後者を〈ゲンスgens〉と定義づけたL.H.モーガンやJ.W.パウエルらの進化主義による長い伝統もあって,ことにアメリカでは両語を区別して用いることが常であった。しかしのちになるとイギリスで,〈クラン〉の語源となったスコットランド人の氏族が,単系出自集団でも外婚集団でもないことに発し,新しく〈セプトsept〉という用語がW.H.R.リバーズによって唱えられるようになる。またアメリカでもR.H.ローウィによって,用語・概念の混乱をさけるべく,母系氏族・父系氏族を総称して〈シブsib〉という用語を用いるよう提案がなされ,さらにローウィの提案をうけて,〈シブ〉や〈リネージ〉は単系出自集団であるが,〈クラン〉は配偶者を含む単系出自にもとづく集団で,かつまた地域的制約のある居住集団に対してあてるべきだ,というG.P.マードックの提案も登場した。…

※「sept」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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