śruti (English spelling) sruti

Japanese: śruti(英語表記)sruti
śruti (English spelling) sruti

...Reflecting the supremacy of the Brahmins since the Vedic period, it is characterized by the fact that many of the provisions give the highest priority to the interests of the Brahmins, or priestly class. The sources of law in the Dharma-Shastra are primarily the divine revelation (śruti) of the Vedic scriptures inherited from the Dharma-Sutras, and the traditions (smṛti) of people well versed in the Vedas, but many other sources also cite the customs of virtuous people (śiṣṭācāra) and the customary laws (deśa-jāti-kula-dharma) that were established within regions, classes, and families. As mentioned above, the Dharma-Shastras were not a collection of laws with actual binding force, but they were respected for a long time as a code of conduct for the common people in Brahmanism and the Hindu society that developed from it.

From Bede

…Many of them have been lost over the course of history, and only a small part of them has been passed down to the present day, but they still present a complex literary system. In Brahmanism, the Vedas are not considered to have been created by humans, but rather to have been divine revelations received by the rishis (rishis) as mystical inspiration, and are called śruti (divine revelation). In contrast, there is the group of documents known as smṛti (sacred traditions), which are said to have been written by the rishis themselves, and include various types of documents, but the Vedāṅga is particularly important as a text related to the Vedas. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "śruti" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…ベーダ以来のバラモン至上主義を反映して,バラモンすなわち祭官階級の利害を最重要視した規定の多いことが特徴としてあげられる。 〈ダルマ・シャーストラ〉の法源としては,ダルマ・スートラから継承したベーダ聖典の天啓〈シュルティśruti〉およびベーダに精通した人々による伝承〈スムリティsmṛti〉がまず第一にあげられるが,その他に有徳者の慣習〈シシュターチャーラśiṣṭācāra〉や地方,階級,家系の内部でそれぞれに成立した慣習法〈デーシャ・ジャーティ・クラ・ダルマdeśa‐jāti‐kula‐dharma〉を法源としてあげる文献も多い。 〈ダルマ・シャーストラ〉は,上述のとおり実際的な強制力をもった法令集ではなかったが,バラモン教およびそれから発展したヒンドゥー教の社会の中で,民衆の生活の規範として長期にわたり尊重された。…

【ベーダ】より

…それらの多くは歴史とともに湮滅(いんめつ)し,現在まで伝えられているのはそのごく小部分にすぎないが,それでもなお複雑な文献組織を呈している。バラモン教においては,〈ベーダ〉は人間の手になるものではなく,神の啓示を聖仙(リシṛṣi)が神秘的霊感として感得したものと考えられ,〈シュルティśruti(天啓)〉と呼ばれる。これに対して,聖仙が自ら叙述したものとされる文献群として〈スムリティsmṛti(聖伝)〉があり,さまざまな種類の文献を含むが,〈ベーダ〉に関連したものとしてとくに重要であるのが〈ベーダーンガvedāṅga〉である。…

※「śruti」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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