Accomplice - Juhan

Japanese: 従犯 - じゅうはん
Accomplice - Juhan

A person who aids a principal is considered an accessory (Penal Code, Article 62, Paragraph 1), and the punishment for the principal is "reduced" (Penal Code, Article 63). This is also called an accessory. Along with joint principal and instigation, this is a form of complicity. "Aiding a principal" means making it physically or psychologically easier for the principal to carry out the act. The act of aiding does not have to be essential to the principal's act. There are two ways of aiding: physical means such as lending a weapon or providing a place for the crime (tangible accessory), and mental means such as encouraging or advising a person who is determined to commit a crime (intangible accessory). A person who has a legal obligation to prevent the principal from committing a crime but fails to do so is called an "accomplice by omission." In addition, when the assisted party (principal offender) is unaware of the assistance provided by the accomplice, this is called a "one-sided accessory." In addition, from the standpoint that the subjective requirement of an accessory requires the intention to assist, negligent accessoryship is not recognized.

[Tetsuro Nawa]

[Reference] | Instigator | Co-perpetrator | Accomplice | Principal

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

正犯を幇助(ほうじょ)した者は、従犯とされ(刑法62条1項)、刑は「正犯の刑を減軽する」(同法63条)。幇助犯ともいう。共同正犯、教唆犯とともに、共犯の一形態である。「正犯を幇助する」とは、正犯者の実行行為を、物理的または心理的に容易にすることである。幇助行為は正犯者の実行行為にとって不可欠である必要はない。幇助の方法には、凶器を貸与したり、犯罪の場所を提供するなどの物理的手段による場合(有形的従犯)のほか、犯罪を決意している者に対し、これを激励したり、助言したりするなどの精神的手段による場合(無形的従犯)の2種類がある。正犯者の犯罪を防止すべき法律上の義務を負う者が、その義務に違反してこれを怠る場合を「不作為による従犯」という。また、幇助者が幇助していることを被幇助者(正犯者)が知らない場合を「片面(へんめん)的従犯」とよぶ。なお、従犯の主観的要件として幇助の意思を必要とする立場からは、過失による従犯は認められない。

[名和鐵郎]

[参照項目] | 教唆犯 | 共同正犯 | 共犯 | 正犯

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