…In the classical Greek world, physis was one of the terms of the opposing concepts of physis nomos (artificial rules) and physis techne (technology), and came to mean a specific domain of beings, so-called material nature, contrasted with artificial systems and technological creations. However, in earlier times, physis was used almost synonymously with the word ta panta (everything), meaning the totality of beings that encompasses gods, humans, polis (city-states), and all artificial things, and also the true state of being of all such beings (this ancient meaning of physis as the true state of things is echoed in the English word nature, for example, as the true nature of things). Pre-Socratic thinkers, pondering “physis,” were trying to ask what is the true state that gives rise to all things, the existence that makes all beings beings. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "ta panta" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…ギリシアも古典時代になると,フュシスは〈フュシス‐ノモス(人為的な定めごと)〉〈フュシス‐テクネ(技術)〉といった対概念の一方の項として,人為的な制度や技術による制作物と対置される存在者の特定領域,いわゆる物質的自然を意味するようになる。 しかしもっと古い時代には〈フュシス〉は〈タ・パンタta panta(万物)〉という言葉とほとんど同義に使われ,神々や人間やポリス(都市国家)や人為的なもののいっさいを包摂する〈存在者の全体〉を意味すると同時に,そうしたすべての存在者の〈真の在り方〉をも意味していた(物ごとの真の在り方というフュシスのこの古義は,たとえば英語のnatureにも,物ごとの〈本性〉という意味で残響している)。ソクラテス以前の思想家たちは,“フュシスについて”思索しつつ,ありとしあらゆるものをあらしめているその〈真の在り方〉,すべての存在者を存在者たらしめている〈存在〉とは何かを問おうとしていたのである。… ※「ta panta」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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