Abbreviation for France's "National Popular Theatre". Inspired by Romain Rolland's "Les Theaters du Populaire", actor Firmin Gemier founded the theatre in 1920 with the support of the parliament. The theatre's heyday came after 1951, when Jean Villard, an outstanding actor and director, became artistic director. Villard used stars such as the great actor Gérard Philipe, and produced a succession of high-quality popular plays, using simple sets to highlight the characters in classic masterpieces, for large audiences of over 2,000 people, based at the Grand Theatre du Palais de Chaillot in Paris. Meanwhile, since the French premiere of "Mother and Her Children" in 1951, the theatre has also performed Brechtian plays with actor Georges Wilson (1921-). Wilson took over Villard's style from 1963. Along with Jean-Louis Barrault's Théâtre de France, TNP was one of the two main pillars of new French theater after the Second World War, but it declined after the May 1968 revolution. In 1972, when Brechtian avant-garde director Roger Planchon became artistic director, TNP moved from Paris to the Théâtre de Villebanne in the suburbs of Lyon, where Planchon is based. The new TNP led by Planchon excelled in modern stagings of Molière comedies, and invited the young and innovative director Patrice Chereau, who was 27 years old at the time, to co-direct (1971-81). Then, in 1986, they invited Georges Lavaudant (1947-), who had come to prominence since the 1970s, (until 1995), and have continued to stage excellent socially relevant plays, combining classics and contemporary works. [Hideji Ishizawa] [References] | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの「国立民衆劇場」Théâtre National Populaireの略称。ロマン・ロランの『民衆演劇論』に触発された俳優フィルマン・ジェミエが、議会の協賛を得て1920年に創立。最盛期は、優れた俳優・演出家のジャン・ビラールが芸術監督となる51年以降である。ビラールは名優ジェラール・フィリップなどスターを活用し、パリのシャイヨー宮大劇場を本拠として2000人を超える大観衆を相手に、古典的名作を簡素な装置で人物像を際だたせ、質の高い民衆劇を次々に送り出した。一方、51年の『肝(きも)っ玉おっ母(かあ)とその子供たち』のフランス初演以来、ブレヒト劇を俳優ジョルジュ・ウィルソンGeorges Wilson(1921― )とともに上演。63年以降はウィルソンがビラール路線を受け継いだ。TNPはジャン・ルイ・バローのテアトル・ド・フランスとともに第二次世界大戦後のフランス新演劇二大支柱の一つであったが、68年の五月革命を契機に衰退。72年、ブレヒト的な前衛演出家ロジェ・プランションが芸術監督となるに及び、彼の活動拠点リヨン郊外のビルルバンヌ市立劇場にパリからTNPを移した。プランションの率いる新TNPは、モリエール喜劇の現代的上演などに優れ、さらに当時27歳の若手の革新的演出家パトリス・シェローを共同演出家に招いた(1971~81)。ついで86年には、1970年代以降に頭角を現したジョルジュ・ラボーダンGeorges Lavaudant(1947― )を招き(95年まで)、古典と現代作品によって社会性のある優れた劇を上演し続けている。 [石澤秀二] [参照項目] | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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