… In ancient Egypt, both men and women shaved their heads, so a large striped hood was worn as a wig. Those of high rank wore a high crown (tiara) decorated with gold and silver jeweled vultures and snakes to show their rank. In Mesopotamia, the tiara and a thin ribbon of cloth with a tassel at the end (mitra) were used. … From [crown]…In the Hellenistic period, inlaid with precious stones appeared, and in Byzantium, they were given ornamental decoration and studded with jewels, completing the crown. A gold crown-shaped product called a tiara has been excavated from a Scythian royal tomb on the north shore of the Black Sea. The kings of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia, which was related to the Scythians, also seem to have been fond of crowns, and Darius I, depicted in a stone carving at Bistun, wears a crown with convex ornamental decoration around his belt. … From [Hats]...The lower classes wore tight-fitting hemispherical hats made of felt or leather. Western Asia, especially Persia, and the nobility wore the miter (broad band) and tiara (high crown) embroidered with gold, pearls, and precious stones, as well as the Phrygian bonnet and toque, generally made of felt or wool, along with the helmet. The veil originated in Mesopotamia and later became a symbol of female submission and chastity. *Some of the terminology that mentions "tiara" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 古代エジプトでは,男女とも頭を剃っていた関係で,鬘(かつら)を兼ねた大きな横縞の頭巾が用いられた。高位の者は,この上に身分をあらわす金銀宝石細工の禿鷹や蛇の飾りのついた丈の高い冠ティアラtiaraをつけた。メソポタミアでは,ティアラと,末端に房飾のついた薄手の布製リボン,ミトラmitraが用いられた。… 【冠】より…ヘレニズム時代になると貴石を象嵌(ぞうがん)したものが現れ,ビザンティンにおいてこれに立飾がつき,宝石を散りばめるようになって冠として完成した。黒海北岸のスキタイ王墓からティアラtiaraと呼ばれる冠状金製品が出土している。スキタイと同系のアケメネス朝ペルシアの諸王も冠を愛用したらしく,ビストゥンの石彫に表現されたダレイオス1世は帯に凸字形の立飾をめぐらせた冠をかぶる。… 【帽子】より…下層民はフェルトや皮製のぴったりした半球型の帽子を用いた。西アジア,とくにペルシアの王侯貴族は,ししゅうに金,真珠,宝石などをちりばめたマイターmiter(幅広い飾りバンド)やティアラtiara(クラウンの高い冠),また一般にはフェルトやウール製のフリュギア型ボンネット,トークtoque帽がヘルメットとともに登場した。ベールはメソポタミアで始まり,後に女性の従順,貞淑のシンボルとなった。… ※「tiara」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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