Commissariat

Japanese: Kommissariat
Commissariat

...For example, in Prussia in the 17th and 18th centuries, a unified judicial system was not established, and in fact, as in France under the Ancien Régime, a clear separation of administrative and judicial functions had not even been achieved. From around the end of the 17th century, monarchs who attempted to establish an absolutist system of rule tried to expand the power of their direct bureaucratic organizations (Kommissariat), granting these organizations administrative and judicial powers over the matters under their jurisdiction. However, the matters under the jurisdiction of these bureaucratic organizations often conflicted with those of the traditional judicial courts (Regierung), and constant disputes over authority arose.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Kommissariat" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…たとえば17・18世紀頃のプロイセンにおいては,統一的な裁判制度が確立していたわけではなく,それどころか,アンシャン・レジーム下のフランスにおけると同様,行政と司法の明確な分化さえ達成されていなかった。17世紀末ころ以来,絶対主義的な支配体制の確立を試みた君主は,その直属の官僚機構(コミッサリアートKommissariat)の権限拡大に努め,これらの官僚機構にその所管事項についての行政権と裁判権を与えてきた。しかし,それらの官僚機構の所管事項はしばしば伝来の司法裁判所(レギールングRegierung)の所管事項と競合し,そこに絶えざる権限争議が生じた。…

※「Kommissariat」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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