...In Buddhism, this true knowledge is called enlightenment (bodhi, bodhi, awakening), the person who attains it is called a Buddha (buddha, enlightened one), and the state of enlightenment is called nirvana (nirvana). Regarding the views of liberation in various schools that emerged after Buddhism, for example, the Sankhya and Yoga schools believe that liberation is achieved by knowing the self's true essence, puruṣa (pure mind), as completely distinct from material things such as the body (including consciousness in the ordinary sense) and the outside world (distinct knowledge, viveka), and then isolating the pure mind from material things (kaivalya), while the Vedanta school believes that liberation can be achieved by clearly knowing (enlightenment) that the self's true essence, ātman (I), is actually the same as brahman (Brahman), the true essence of the universe. In either case, they are basically in line with the Buddhist ideas mentioned above in that they believe that liberation can be achieved through true knowledge. *Some of the terminology that mentions "kaivalya" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…その真実の知を仏教では悟り(ボーディbodhi,菩提(ぼだい),覚(かく))といい,それを得た人をブッダbuddha(仏陀,覚者)といい,悟りの境地をニルバーナnirvāṇa(涅槃(ねはん))という。 仏教以降に出た諸派の解脱観については,たとえばサーンキヤ学派,ヨーガ学派は,自己の本体であるプルシャpuruṣa(純粋精神)を,身体(ふつうの意味での意識も含む)や外界など物質的なものから完全に区別して知ること(区別知,ビベーカviveka)によって,純粋精神が物質的なものから完全に孤立すること(独存(どくそん),カイバルヤkaivalya)が解脱であるとし,ベーダーンタ学派は,自己の本体であるアートマンātman(我(が))が実は宇宙の本体であるブラフマンbrahman(梵)と同一であると明らかに知ること(〈明〉)によって解脱が得られるとするが,いずれにしても,真実の知によって解脱が得られるとする点では,基本的に上述の仏教の考え方と軌を一にする。苦悟り【宮元 啓一】。… ※「kaivalya」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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