Its ancestors can be traced back to the comedians of ancient Greece and Rome, the clowns of the Italian Commedia dell'Arte that swept across Europe from the 16th to the 18th centuries (collectively known as "Zanni," one of whom, Pedrolino, developed into Piero), and Shakespeare's clowns. The modern circus is said to have begun in the 18th century, when horse riding became popular among the British aristocracy and military, and was performed as a spectacle. A semicircular acrobatics hall was built in London, but the person who influenced early circus clowns was Joseph Grimaldi (1778-1837), a comedian who was popular in London theaters at the time, and whose exquisite clowning style combined silliness and cunning. In 19th century Paris, the clown Deburau of the Théâtre de Fenambure (the role played by J. L. Barrault in the film Les Enfants du Paradis) created a new type of clown with a white costume and sad face painted white, which captivated not only the masses but also poets and artists. From [Circus]… The origin of clowning in the circus is said to be a comical acrobat in the form of a farmer named Clod, created by Astley. The person who created the basis of clowning was Joseph Grimaldi, a pantomime performer popular in England in the early 19th century. Then, Jean Baptiste Auriol of the Cirque Orynnique in Paris became popular in the 1830s with his acrobatics, magic tricks and acrobatics that drew laughter from the audience. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Grimaldi, J." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…その祖先は古代ギリシア・ローマの喜劇役者,16世紀から18世紀にかけてヨーロッパを席巻したイタリアのコメディア・デラルテの道化たち(〈ザンニ〉と総称され,その一人ペドロリーノがピエロに発展した),シェークスピアの道化などに求められよう。18世紀イギリスの貴族,軍人の間で馬の曲乗りが流行し,それが見世物として興行されるようになり,ロンドンに半円形の曲馬場が造られたのが近代サーカスの始まりといわれるが,初期のサーカス・クラウンに影響を与えたのは,当時ロンドンの劇場で人気を博していたコメディアン,グリマルディJoseph Grimaldi(1778‐1837)の愚かしさと狡猾さをつきまぜた絶妙な道化ぶりであった。19世紀のパリでは,フュナンビュール座の道化ドビュロー(映画《天井桟敷の人々》でJ.L.バローが演じた役)が,白い衣装に白塗りの憂い顔の新しいタイプのクラウンを創造し,大衆のみならず詩人や芸術家を魅了した。… 【サーカス】より… サーカスにおける道化芸の起源は,アストリーによって創造された農夫clodの姿をしたコミカルな曲馬師だったといわれている。そして道化芸の基本をつくったのは,19世紀初めにイギリスで人気のあったパントマイム役者グリマルディJoseph Grimaldiである。次いでパリのシルク・オランピークにオリオールJean Baptiste Auriolが軽業や手品や曲馬の芸をしながら,観客の爆笑を誘う演技で,1830年代に人気を博した。… ※「Grimaldi,J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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