Abbreviation of integrated circuit. A very small circuit in which active and passive elements such as transistors, resistors, and diodes are inseparably combined on or within a single substrate. It was proposed by GWA Dammer of the UK in 1952, and in 1959 JS Kilby of Texas Instruments applied for a basic patent, and the company announced what became the prototype of today's ICs under the name "solid circuit". There are semiconductor integrated circuits that use semiconductor technology and film integrated circuits that use a film attached to the surface of a substrate, and the latter is used in hybrid ICs that combine independent parts. Compared to conventional electronic circuits, ICs are ultra-small, highly reliable, and suitable for mass production, so they can be made low-priced. Currently, LSIs that make the most of these characteristics have become the mainstream of ICs, and even highly integrated ones called VLSIs and U (ultra-large) LSIs are built into personal computers and put to practical use. → Related topics Ion implantation | Kilby | Mobile phones | Solid-state circuits | Groundwater contamination | Electronic money | Dry etching | Transistors | Transistor radios | Semiconductors | Molecular elements | Micromodules Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
integrated circuit(集積回路)の略。トランジスター,抵抗,ダイオードなど能動素子や受動素子を一つの基板上または基板内に,分離できない状態に結合してある超小型回路。1952年イギリスのG.W.A.ダンマーにより提唱され,59年にテキサス・インスツルメンツ社のJ.S.キルビーが基本特許を出願,同社は〈solid circuit〉の名で今日のICの祖型となるものを発表した。半導体技術を使う半導体集積回路と,基板の表面に付着された膜を利用する膜集積回路とがあり,後者では独立した部品と組み合わせたハイブリッドICが実用化されている。ICは,従来の電子回路に比べ超小型化され,信頼度が高く,量産に適するので低価格とすることができる。現在では,その特徴を最大限に生かしたLSIがICの主流となっており,さらにVLSIやU(超々)LSIとよばれる高集積度のものもパソコンに組み込まれて実用化されている。 →関連項目イオン注入|キルビー|携帯電話|固体回路|地下水汚染|電子マネー|ドライエッチング|トランジスター|トランジスターラジオ|半導体|分子素子|マイクロモジュール 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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