Sir John Fortescue

Japanese: フォーテスキュー - ふぉーてすきゅー(英語表記)Sir John Fortescue
Sir John Fortescue

A leading English jurist and legal scholar during the Wars of the Roses. He served the House of Lancaster and served as Lord Chief Justice of the Court of Chancery (1442-1461) for many years. When Edward IV of the House of York ascended to the throne in 1461, he fled to Flanders with the Lancastrian queen Margaret and the prince, and tried to restore his lordship, but was defeated and captured in 1471. His main work, De Praise of the Laws of England (published in 1537), is said to have been written around 1470 for the education of the prince. In 1473, he recognized the legitimacy of Edward IV and became a member of the King's Council. De Republique (published in 1714) is said to have been written around this time. These two books are highly regarded for their praise of the English legal system and constitutional government through comparison with France, and for their significant contributions to the development of the idea of ​​the "rule of law" and democratic thought in England.

[Hiroshi Tanaka]

[Reference] | Rule of law

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ばら戦争期のイギリスの代表的法律家、法学者。ランカスター朝に仕え、王座裁判所首席裁判官(1442~1461)を長年務める。1461年、ヨーク朝のエドワード4世が即位した際、ランカスター朝の王妃マーガレット、王子とともにフランドルに亡命、主家の再興に努めるが、1471年敗北し捕らえられる。主著『イングランド法の礼賛について』(1537刊)は1470年ごろ、王子の教育のために書かれたといわれる。1473年にエドワード4世の正統性を認めたため国王評議会のメンバーとなる。『イングランド王国の統治について』(1714刊)は、このころの執筆といわれる。二つの著書は、フランスとの比較を通じてイングランドの法制度や立憲的政治を賛美している点で、その後のイギリスの「法の支配」観念や民主主義思想の発展に大きく寄与したものとして高く評価されている。

[田中 浩]

[参照項目] | 法の支配

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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