...Gardens of that time seem to have placed emphasis on the variety of plants rather than on the spatial composition of later Renaissance gardens. The appearance of medieval gardens can also be seen in religious paintings depicting Mary sitting in paradise, commonly called the hortus conclusus (meaning "closed garden"). The monastery courtyard style, in which a cloister encloses a square garden, was also perfected during this period. This style also served as an ideal expression of a heavenly paradise, with a central fountain, rainwater cistern, and well (or a symbolic tree connected to the idea of the cosmic axis or the tree of life). From Paradise...The basic structure of a Western garden, in which an ideal landscape is enclosed by walls or fences, water is provided within, and fruit trees and flowers are planted, can be said to be the basic structure of a paradise. Moreover, this type of "enclosed garden (hortus conclusus)" was often imagined as a scene of sexual activity between men and women as a "garden of pleasure (hortus deliciarum)" and was actually used, which also supports the idea that gardens are paradises. The reason why Arabian gardens are richly equipped with ponds and fountains bordered by date palms and other plants is because the prototype of paradise in the culture of that region was the oasis. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "hortus conclusus" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…当時の庭は,のちのルネサンス庭園のような変化に富んだ空間構成よりは,いかなる植物を集めるかに重点が置かれていたように思われる。またこうした中世の庭のようすは,〈ホルトゥス・コンクルススhortus conclusus〉(〈鎖(とざ)されし園〉の意)と呼びならわされる,楽園に座すマリアを描いた宗教画などにもうかがうことができる。回廊が方形の庭を囲い込む修道院の中庭形式も,この時代に完成したもので,これは中央に噴泉や雨水溜,井戸(あるいは宇宙軸,生命の樹の観念にもつながる象徴的な樹木)を配して,天上の楽園の観念的な表現ともなるものであった。… 【楽園】より…理想的な地形を壁や塀で囲い込み,その内部に水を配し,果樹や花を植えるという西欧庭園の基本構造は,そのまま楽園の基本構造ともいえるのである。またこの種の〈囲われた庭(ホルトゥス・コンクルススhortus conclusus)〉が,〈悦楽の園(ホルトゥス・デリキアルムhortus deliciarum)〉としてしばしば男女の愛欲の場面として空想されたり,実際に利用されたのも,庭園が楽園であることを裏書きしているだろう。アラビア風庭園がナツメヤシなどに縁どられた池や噴水を豊かに配置するのは,その地域の文化にとって楽園の原型がオアシスであったからにほかならない。… ※「hortus conclusus」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
<<: hortus deliciarum (English name) hortus deliciarum
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