Oran - Oran (English spelling)

Japanese: オラン - おらん(英語表記)Oran
Oran - Oran (English spelling)

It is a port city facing the Gulf of Oran on the western Mediterranean coast of Algeria in North Africa. It is the capital of Oran Governorate. In Arabic, it is called Wahran. It has a population of 655,852 (1998), 1,165,687 (2008 census). It is the second most populous city in the country and is the commercial, industrial and cultural center of the western region. The European-style city center spreads out around the port, and a traditional city area stretches up the mountainside to the northwest. Mers-el-Kebir naval port is located on the west side.

It was built by Spanish Muslims in the 10th century. During the French colonial period, it became the prefectural capital of Oran, one of the three provinces in Algeria. Modern port facilities and a railway were built, and it developed as a port for exporting agricultural and mineral products and importing industrial products. Many Europeans settled in the Oran Plain behind it, and Oran was the only city in Algeria with a majority European population until independence, with the region having the most European-run farms in the country. With a high proportion of Spanish immigrants, Spanish-style buildings remain, and a central square in the city, it is very similar to South American cities. It is known as the setting for Camus' masterpiece, "The Plague." After independence, many Europeans withdrew, but as with Algiers, population concentration continued, and the population more than tripled in 20 years. Industries include machinery, chemicals, food, and textiles. Japan also cooperated in the construction of the University of Oran. La Senia International Airport is 8 kilometers southwest.

[Hiroshi Fujii]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

北アフリカ、アルジェリアの地中海沿岸西部、オラン湾に面した港湾都市。オラン県の県都。アラビア語ではワフラーンWahranという。人口65万5852(1998)、116万5687(2008センサス)。同国第二の人口をもち、西部地域の商工業、文化の中心地である。港を中心にヨーロッパ風市街が広がり、北西の山腹にかけ伝統的な市街がある。西側にメルセル・ケビル軍港がある。

 10世紀にスペイン系イスラム教徒により建設された。フランス植民地時代、アルジェリア3県のうちのオラン県の県庁所在地となり、近代的港湾施設、鉄道も建設され、農産物、鉱産物の輸出、工業製品の輸入港として発展した。背後のオラン平野にはヨーロッパ人が多数入植し、全国的にもヨーロッパ人の経営する農園がもっとも多い地域で、オランは独立までアルジェリアでヨーロッパ人人口が多数を占める唯一の都市であった。スペイン系移民の割合が多く、スペイン風の建物が残り、市街の中心に広場があるさまは、南アメリカの都市によく似ている。カミュの名作『ペスト』の舞台として知られる。独立後多くのヨーロッパ人は引き揚げたが、アルジェと同様に人口集中が続き、20年間に人口は3倍以上に増加した。工業は機械、化学、食品、繊維などがある。オラン総合大学の建設には日本も協力した。南西8キロメートルにはラ・セニア国際空港がある。

[藤井宏志]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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