…But in 1382, the city was occupied and burned by Tokhtamysh Khan of the Golden Horde. In the 15th century, the unification of Russia centered on Moscow progressed, and Ivan III achieved complete independence from the Golden Horde in 1480. He invited Italian engineers such as Fioravanti and Solari to build the Kremlin towers and walls that remain to this day, as well as the Granovitaya Palace and the stone Cathedral of Dormition within the Kremlin. At that time, the Grand Duke's family, the nobles, and the metropolitan lived within the Kremlin, and merchants and craftsmen formed settlements around the Kremlin, almost all by trade, and by the end of the 15th century the population numbered 150,000. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Granovitaya Palata" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…それでも1382年にはキプチャク・ハーン国のトフタミシ・ハーンによって町が占領され,焼き払われた。 15世紀にはモスクワを中心とする全ロシアの統一がすすみ,イワン3世は1480年にキプチャク・ハーン国からの完全な独立を果たすとともに,イタリアからフィオラバンティ,ソラリなどの技術者を招いて,今に伝わるクレムリンの塔と城壁,城内の多稜宮(グラノビータヤ宮殿)Granovitaya palataや石造のウスペンスキー聖堂などを造営した。当時,大公の一族と大貴族,府主教などはクレムリン内に住み,商人や職人たちはほぼ職種ごとにクレムリンの周囲に集落を形成し,15世紀末には人口は15万をかぞえた。… ※「Granovitaya Palata」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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