The capital of the Łockié Voivodeship in central Poland. It is called Lodz in German and Lodz in English. It is located 130 km southwest of Warsaw, at the northwestern end of the Łódź Uplands. It has been a town since the 14th century, but development was slow, with a population of less than 800 in 1820. After that, the textile industry, mainly cotton textiles, developed rapidly under the Congress Kingdom, and in modern times it became a major center of the textile industry, producing about 40% of Poland's cotton product output. Food processing and chemical industries are also thriving. It is also an educational center, with a university, a technical university, a film school that produced Andrzej Wajda and Roman Polanski, higher education institutions such as music, theater, education, and medicine, museums, music venues, and theaters. It was the center of the Polish labor movement from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, and the first general strike in Poland took place here in 1892. In 1905, Russian troops and workers fought a bloody battle here. The city suffered heavy damage during the First and Second World Wars, but made a remarkable recovery after its liberation in 1945. Population: 789,318 (2002). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ポーランド中部,ウツキェ県の県都。ドイツ語ではロッツ Lodz,英語ではルージ Lodz。ワルシャワ南西 130km,ウッチ高地の北西端に位置する。 14世紀以来の町であるが,発達は遅く,1820年には人口 800足らずであった。その後,会議王国によって綿織物を中心とする繊維工業が急速に発達し,近代にはポーランドの綿製品生産高の約4割を産する,繊維業の一大中心地となった。食品加工,化学工業も盛ん。文教の中心でもあり,総合大学,工業大学をはじめ,アンジェイ・ワイダやロマン・ポランスキーを輩出した映画学校や音楽,演劇,教育,医学などの高等教育機関,博物館,音楽会場,劇場などがある。 19世紀末~20世紀初頭にはポーランド労働運動の中心になったところで,1892年ポーランド最初のゼネラルストライキはここで行なわれた。また 1905年にはロシア軍と労働者が流血の戦いを行なった。第1次,第2次世界大戦で大きな被害を受けたが,1945年の解放後,めざましく復興した。人口 78万 9318 (2002) 。
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