gradient

Japanese: gradient
gradient

...Given a curve represented by a differentiable function y = f ( x ), the tangent to the curve at a point ( a , f ( a )) on the curve is y - f ( a ) = f '( a )( x - a ), so the slope of the tangent is f '( a ).
[Gradient of a function in vector analysis]
For a partially differentiable function f ( x , y ) defined in two-dimensional space R2 , a vector-valued function (vector field) with components ( fx ( x , y ), fy ( x , y )) is called the gradient of f , and is represented as grad f or ∇ f . Similarly, for a function f ( x , y , z ) defined in three - dimensional space R3 , the vector-valued function ( fx , fy , fz ) is written as grad f or ∇ f and is called the gradient of f . …

From [Vector Analysis]

...Let us write the n-th component of a vector field F at a point on S as F n , define a surface integral such that:
[Gradient, Divergence, Rotation]
Given a scalar field φ( x , y , z ), the vector field with components (∂φ/∂ x , ∂φ/∂ y , ∂φ/∂ z ) is called the gradient of φ, or the gradient, and is represented by ▽φ or gradφ. For a vector field F = ( F x , F y , F z ), the scalar field div F defined by is called the divergence of F , and the vector field rot F (also written as curl F) defined by is called the rotation of F, where i, j, and k are unit vectors in the x, y , and z directions , respectively .

*Some terminology explanations that mention "gradient" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…微分可能な関数yf(x)で表される曲線が与えられたとき,その上の点(a,f(a))における曲線の接線はyf(a)=f’(a)(xa)で表されるから,その接線のこう配はf’(a)である。
[ベクトル解析における関数のグラディエント]
 二次元空間R2で定義された偏微分可能な関数f(x,y)に対して,(fx(x,y),fy(x,y))なる成分をもつベクトル値関数(ベクトル場)をfのこう配,またはグラディエントgradientといい,gradfまたは∇fで表す。三次元空間R3で定義された関数f(x,y,z)に対しても,同様にベクトル値関数(fx,fy,fz)をgradfまたは∇fと書いて,fのグラディエントという。…

【ベクトル解析】より

S上の点でのベクトル場Fn成分をFnと書くことにし,なる面積分を定義して,これをSを通過するベクトル流vector fluxという。
[勾配,発散,回転]
 スカラー場φ(x,y,z)が与えられたとき,(∂φ/∂x,∂φ/∂y,∂φ/∂z)を成分とするベクトル場をφの勾配,あるいはグラディエントgradientと呼び,▽φ,またはgradφで表す。ベクトル場F=(Fx,Fy,Fz)に対して,で定義されるスカラー場divFFの発散といい,またx,y,z方向の単位ベクトルをそれぞれijkとするとき,で定義されるベクトル場rotF(curlFとも書く)をFの回転という。…

※「gradient」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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