A city in southwestern Croatia. Located on the Dalmatian coast, it has a good natural harbor surrounded by islands. It became a Roman province in the 1st century BC, and after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it prospered as the administrative and cultural center of Byzantine Dalmatia. In the 10th century, it became part of the Kingdom of Croatia, and after a long battle with the Venetian Republic (→Venice), it was sold to Venice by the Croatian king in 1409. In 1797, it became part of Austria, in 1920 it became part of Italy, and from 1944 to 1991 it became part of the former Yugoslavia. In addition to seafood processing and textile manufacturing, it produces the famous cherry brandy maraschino (marasca). There are many historical buildings, including the unusual circular 9th century St. Donatus Church, St. Mary's Church (1091), and the Romanesque St. Krusevan Church (1175). The fortresses and other defense facilities built under the rule of the Venetian Republic are a testament to the expansion and prosperity of the Republic in the 16th and 17th centuries, and in 2017, they were registered as a World Heritage Site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) along with five other constituent sites in Italy, Croatia, and Montenegro. The city is home to an archaeological museum, an archive, a theater, and a branch campus of the University of Zagreb. Population: 71,471 (2011). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
クロアチア南西部の都市。ダルマチア海岸に位置し,島に囲まれた天然の良港をもつ。前1世紀にローマの属領となり,西ローマ帝国滅亡後はビザンチン帝国領ダルマチアの行政,文化の中心地として繁栄した。10世紀にクロアチア王国に属し,以後ベネチア共和国(→ベネチア)との間で長い戦いが続いたが,1409年にクロアチア王によってベネチアに売り渡された。1797年オーストリア領,1920年イタリア領,1944~91年旧ユーゴスラビア領となった。水産加工,繊維工業が行なわれるほか,有名なチェリーブランデーのマラスキノ酒(マラスカ)を産する。特異な円形をなす 9世紀の聖ドナーツ聖堂をはじめ,聖マリア聖堂(1091),ロマネスク建築の聖クルシェバン聖堂(1175)など歴史的建築物が多い。ベネチア共和国支配のもとで築かれた要塞などの防衛施設は,16~17世紀の共和国の版図拡大と繁栄ぶりを伝えるものとして,2017年イタリア,クロアチア,モンテネグロの 5ヵ所の構成資産とともに国際連合教育科学文化機関 UNESCOの世界遺産の文化遺産に登録された。考古学博物館,公文書館,劇場,ザグレブ大学分校がある。人口 7万1471(2011)。
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