In ancient Greece and Rome, epilepsy, called the "sacred disease," melancholia, explained as an excess of black bile, mania, a state of frenzy, and hysteria, a gynecological disease in which the uterus (hystera) moves around inside the body, were already known. It was not until the 19th century, when psychiatry finally began to show independent activity, that these were systematized under the general term "mental illness." The word "psychosis" was first used by E. von Feuchtersleben of the University of Vienna in 1845 in his book "Textbook of Mental Medicine." This concept is still used as a general term similar to "mental disorder," but in the narrow sense, it excludes mental retardation and personality disorders (abnormal personality) that are congenital, and various neuroses (neurosis) that can be relived from a normal psychological perspective, and is limited to conditions in which a person shows heterogeneous mental symptoms that cannot be normally understood and who has lost the awareness that "I am ill" (awareness of illness) or the ability to criticize themselves. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Feuchtersleben, E.von" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…古代ギリシア・ローマの時代にはすでに,〈神聖病〉と呼ばれた癲癇(てんかん),黒胆汁の過剰によると説明されたメランコリア,狂乱状態を示すマニア,子宮(ヒュステラ)が体内で動き回る婦人病としてのヒステリーなどが知られていた。これらが〈精神病〉という総称のもとに体系化されるのは,精神医学がやっと自立の活動をみせる19世紀になってからで,〈精神病Psychose〉の語も1845年にウィーン大学のフォイヒタースレーベンE.von Feuchterslebenがその著《心の医学の教科書》で初めて使ったとされる。この概念は今でも〈精神障害〉と類似の総称として使われるが,狭義には,生まれつきの片よりである精神遅滞と性格異常(異常人格),正常心理から追体験できる各種の神経症(ノイローゼ)などは除外し,ふつうには了解できない異質の精神症状を示し,しかも〈自分は病気だ〉という意識(病識)ないし自己批判力を失っている状態に限定される。… ※「Feuchtersleben,E.von」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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