In Germany, the genre of sentimental drama, influenced by French tear-jerker comedies, became very popular. In England, the comedy of manners declined in the 18th century, and moral sentimental comedy became mainstream. Influenced by Diderot and the English bourgeois drama, GE Lessing produced the first bourgeois tragedy, Miss Sarah Sampson, in 1755, followed by Emilia Galotti. This is the pinnacle of bourgeois drama, but Lessing, while drawing on Aristotle's theory of tragedy, believed that fear and pity would be more easily aroused by making the protagonist a bourgeois citizen close to the audience, rather than a great protagonist, and he avoided portraying the characters in black and white, mixing virtues and defects in their personalities. From "Comedy of Manners"...Then, from around the first half of the 18th century, there were more comedies set in the countryside rather than in the city, and with bourgeois protagonists rather than aristocrats. Eventually, this trend led to the emergence of sentimental comedy, which emphasized the morality of the play, but at the root of this change was a movement to create more active plays, rejecting the overly intellectual and non-active nature of the Restoration-era comedies of manners. Representative works of the comedy of manners include George Etherege's A Man of the Day, W. Wycherley's The Country Wife, W. Congreve's The Customs of the World, G. Farquhar's The Dummy's Scheme, and J. Bumbler's The Backsliding. ... *Some terminology explanations that mention "sentimental comedy" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… ドイツではまずフランスの催涙喜劇の影響で,感傷劇Rührstückとよばれるジャンルが非常に流行した。イギリスでも18世紀には風習喜劇が衰えて,道徳的な感傷喜劇sentimental comedyなるものが主流になっていたが,ディドロとこのイギリス市民劇の影響を受けたG.E.レッシングは1755年に最初の市民悲劇《ミス・サラ・サンプソン》を,続いて《エミリア・ガロッティ》を発表した。これはいわば市民劇の頂点をなす作品であるが,レッシングは,アリストテレスの悲劇論を援用しつつ,恐怖と同情の念は,偉大な主人公よりむしろ観客に身近な市民を主人公にしたほうが起きやすいのではないかと考え,また登場人物の性格にも美点と欠点を混じえて,人物を黒白に描き分けることを避けた。… 【風習喜劇】より…そして18世紀前半あたりから,都会よりも田舎を舞台にしたり,貴族よりもブルジョアを主人公にしたりする喜劇が多くなる。やがてこの傾向は,劇の教訓性を重視する感傷喜劇sentimental comedyの出現を招くに至るが,この変化の根底には,王政復古期の風習喜劇が過度に知的で非行動的であったのを否定して,行動性をもった劇を作り出そうとする動きがあった。 風習喜劇の代表的作品は,エサリッジGeorge Etheregeの《当世風の男》,W.ウィッチャリーの《田舎女房》,W.コングリーブの《世の習い》,G.ファーカーの《だて男の計略》,J.バンブラーの《逆戻り》などである。… ※「sentimental comedy」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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